Intra uterine period Period of pregnancy 280 days40
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Intra uterine period Period of pregnancy 280 days(40 weeks) First trimester From conception through 12 weeks Second trimester From 13 weeks through 28 weeks. Third trimester From 29 weeks until delivery.
The first trimester From conception through 12 weeks • The first trimester is a highly sensitive period in the development of the baby. • Harmful substances that are ingested can affect the normal growth and development of the fetus. • Conception through the 10 th week is referred to as the embryonic period. • This is the critical period of time when all of the major organs and structures are forming.
From conception through 12 weeks 1) At 5 th week: The embryo is : q About one-half inch long q Weighs less than an ounce. q Its brain, heart, lungs, eyes, ears, arms, and legs are forming. 2)At 8 th week: q The fingers are distinct q The beginnings of all essential external and internal structures are present. 3) At 10 th week: the embryo is known as a fetus. q The face has a human profile and all of the major organs have formed. q It is now about 4 inches long and weighs about one ounce. q The heartbeat can now be heard with a Doppler stethoscope and can also be easily seen on ultrasound examination. q The kidneys have begun to secrete urine, which partly makes up the amniotic fluid around the baby. q Teeth buds are present in the gums.
From 13 weeks through 28 weeks. The second trimester is a period of rapid growth for the fetus. Sexual differentiation is beginning to show. By the 16 th week: it is about 6 inches long weighs about 5 ounces. It moves about, swallows amniotic fluid, and has periods of sleep and wakefulness.
From 29 weeks until delivery. • The final trimester marks the period of final growth. • During the last month of pregnancy: the baby can gain as much as half a pound a week. • The average baby will weigh about 7 ½ pounds, • The range at full term from 5 ½ pounds up to over 9 pounds! • Fetal movement during this period of time is a good indicator of fetal well being.
Virginia Apgar‘s method of evaluating newborn infant is now in standard use to evaluate the newborn one minute after birth. It is useful to make serial Apgar score: the longer the score remaine low the worse the prognosis with regard to mortality or neurological sequel. Total score: 8 – 10 Good 3 -7 Fair 0– 2 Poor condition Score Heart rate Respiratory effort Reflex irritability Muscle tone Color 2 100 - 140 Normal cry Reflex irritability Good Pink 1 100 Irregular and shallow Moderately depressed Fair Pale 0 No heart beat observed Apnea for more than 60 sec. Flaccid Cyanotic Absent
Month One: Gross Motor Skills • Can lift chin slihtly • Head lag in ventral suspension • Flexion attitude in prone lying position Fine Motor Skills Hands fisted/reflexive grasp
Month Two Gross Motor Skills Wobbly head while sitting Head Lag Head lag when pull to sit Fine Motor Skills Swipes toys with /hands
Month Three Gross Motor Skill Holds head steady in sitting Fine Motor Skill Hands open Rolls back to side Grasps/holds an object Puts weight on arms while on tummy Hands play at midline
Month Four Gross Motor Skills Sits on propped arms Fine Motor Skills Reaches with both arms/hands Rolls tummy to side No head lag seen when pulled to sit Brings fingers/hands in mouth Squeeze grasp emerging
Gross Motor Skills Rolls tummy to back Wiggles few feet forward Pushes up with arms while on belly Sits propped on hands Month Five Fine Motor Skills Reaches with good aim Puts objects/toys in mouth Picks up spoon or cup by handle Starts grabbing feet
Gross Motor Skills Sits briefly independently Sits in a highchair Rolls over both ways Month Six Fine Motor Skills Reaches precisely and grasps objects Transfers toys from hand to hand Bangs a cup on a table
Month Seven Gross Motor Skills Fine Motor Skills Sits unsupported~30 seconds Rocks on all fours Pivots in a circle while on tummy Crosses midline when reaching Uses whole hand to rake in objects Thumb to finger grasp emerging
Month Eight Gross Motor Skills Transitions tummy to sit Crawls forward Reaches while on tummy Fine Motor Skills Bangs cubes together Uses a three-fingered grasp
Month Nine Gross Motor Skills Transitions sit to tummy Pulls to stand while holding on Creeps on all fours Stands while leaning on furniture Fine Motor Skills Uses thumb to index grasp (crude) Crude release of objects Drops toys and objects Points index finger
Gross Motor Skills Cruises along furniture Stands unsupported briefly Transfers from crawl to sit Month Ten Fine Motor Skills Pokes with fingers Uses thumb to index finger grasp (precise) Stacks objects
Month Eleven Gross Motor Skills Fine Motor Skills Stands unsupported Walks with hands held Releases a cube at will Removes pegs from a pegboard
Month Twelve Gross Motor Skills Fine Motor Skills First independent step. Stands unsupported~12 seconds Puts objects in a container Releases an object precisely Assumes/maintains kneeling Stacks two one-inch cubes
Months Twelve-Fifteen Gross Motor Skills Fine Motor Skills Walks independently Creeps/climbs stairs Tries to climb out of highchair Squats to play Kneels Stoops and recovers Throws objects Places rings on a peg Makes marks with crayons Holds large crayon in fisted grasp Builds a 2 block tower
Months Fifteen-Eighteen Gross Motor Skills Walks in circles/backwards Walks up stairs with help Balance reactions in standing Scribbles spontaneously Tries to kick balls Climbs on furniture Pulls toy while walking Fine Motor Skills Directional scribble using crayons Throws a ball Builds a 3 -block tower
Months Eighteen-Twenty-Four Gross Motor Skills Runs Jumps in place/off a step Pedals a tricycle Kicks a stationary ball Walks up stairs independently Throws a ball overhand Propels “ride-on” toys forward Fine Motor Skills Unwraps things Builds a 6 -block tower Holds crayon with thumb and fingers Turns 2 -3 pages at a time Imitates vertical stroke with crayon
Months Twenty-Four-Thirty-Six (2 -3 years old) Gross Motor Skills Hops on one foot Walks up stairs alternating feet Walks down stairs alternating feet Walks backward Balances on one foot briefly Throws overhand at a target Catches a rolled ball Throws a small ball 2 feet Rides a tricycle using pedals Fine Motor Skills Turns pages one at a time Builds a 9 block tower Unscrews lid of a jar Imitates horizontal line, cross circle Holds pencil in hand instead of fist Makes snips with scissors Unbuttons
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