IMPERIALISM 1890 1917 CAUSES OF IMPERIALISM Economic gain

IMPERIALISM 1890 -1917

CAUSES OF IMPERIALISM • Economic gain – Industrialists want raw materials; extractive economies • Militarism – Colonial powers seek bases for naval forces to protect global trade – Alfred T. Mahan wrote The Influence of Sea Power Upon History; believed great nations had great navies • Nationalism – Moral duty to spread culture

FIRST STEPS • Matthew Perry – opened Japan to trade with U. S. • Seward’s Folly – bought Alaska; rich in timber, oil, and other resources • U. S. acquires Hawaii – American settlers had interests in sugar – When Hawaii’s Queen Liliuokalani tried to eliminate American influence there, U. S. settlers overthrew her and set up Republic of Hawaii – U. S. annexes Hawaii in 1898

THE SPANISH-AMERICAN WAR • Causes of the War – Cubans rebel against Spanish rule – The U. S. S. Maine blows up; “Remember the Maine” becomes battle cry • Yellow Journalism – William Randolph Hearst & Joseph Pulitzer newspapers heightened dislike of Spanish government – Yellow Press inflames public opinion; named after comic-strip character yellow kid

THE BATTLE • First Action – Commodore George Dewey takes the Philippines • U. S. forces win in Cuba – Theodore Roosevelt and the Rough Riders seized San Juan Hill; helped secure surrender

AFTER THE WAR • Teller Amendment – U. S. disclaimed desire to annex Cuba • Treaty of Paris – Spain withdrew from Cuba – U. S. received Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines • Annexation of Philippines – Emilio Aguinaldo led uprising against U. S. control

United States in East Asia • Sphere of influence – European powers had privileged access to Chinese ports and markets. • Boxer rebellion – secret society formed to drive outsiders away. They killed foreign missionaries and besieged the foreign diplomats district. • Open Door Policy – John Hay proposed equal treatment of commerce from all nations regarding China.

Japan • Russo-Japanese War – Japan attacked Russia. • Theodore Roosevelt won a Nobel Peace Prize for negotiating a peace treaty with Japan and Russia • Gentlemen’s Agreement – U. S. ends segregation of Japanese children; Japan limits emigration to U. S. • Great White Fleet – armada of 16 white battleships on a “good will cruise” around the world.

Latin America • Platt Amendment – brought Cuba within U. S. sphere; prevented Cuba from signing treaties without U. S. approval and required them to lease naval bases to U. S. • Panama Canal – shortened traveling distance from west coast to east coast of U. S. by 8, 000 miles. – To gain canal, the U. S. supported a Panama’s rebellion – Battled malaria and mosquitos

Diplomacy • Roosevelt Corollary – updated the Monroe Doctrine; U. S. would assume police power in case of Latin America “wrongdoing” • Big Stick diplomacy – Theodore Roosevelt; depend on strong military to achieve America’s goals; “speak softly and carry a big stick” • Dollar diplomacy – William Howard Taft; dollars for bullets; increase U. S. investments • Moral diplomacy – Woodrow Wilson; promotes “human rights, national integrity, and opportunity”