History of Canada Notes How Canada Won Freedom

History of Canada Notes How Canada Won Freedom

Canada Remember that both France and Britain settled in Canada. n Each country set down roots that are still evident today. n Let’s turn now to the War of 1812……………. n

War of 1812 French and British worked together against the US who tried to invade Canada n War resulted in a draw, but it defined the USCanadian border & increased a sense of Canadian nationalism n n Both French Canadians & English Canadians joined to protect their land—they were more united than ever before

After the War of 1812 French Canadians & British Canadians realized that they hated being under British rule n They thought that Great Britain was too far away to understand their economic & political needs n

Province of Canada n 1837—Canadians began to rebel against British control. They wanted self rule. Britain sent a government reformer to examine the Canadian problem n Established Upper Canada (Ontario) and Lower Canada (Quebec) n Those who were loyal to Great Britain=Ontario n The French settled in Quebec. The French are allowed to practice their language and religion. n

British North America Act (1867) n n 1860 s—Canadian leaders discussed the confederation of all British North American colonies 1867 -British North America Act: created a federation union of Canada Joined four colonies (Quebec, Ontario, New Brunswick, & Nova Scotia) n 4 colonies became Provinces joined by a unifying constitution - Britain accepted the agreement because they were glad to be rid of the responsibility of protecting the colonies (expensive) n

Results of the British North America Act n Allowed each region to sell goods more easily to one another Improved trade helped the economy n Soon there was enough money to build a railroad across the country n n Transcontinental Railroad was built in 1886 & people could now easily travel from the Atlantic Ocean to Pacific Ocean

Expanding Canada When Canada became a confederation in 1867, there were only 4 provinces n Leaders desired to expand the new country from the Atlantic to the Pacific n Bought land from the Hudson’s Bay Company n Thought the purchase would be a simple process, but problems occurred with the native peoples n

Expanding Canada n Eventually the First Nations (Inuit) agreed to relocate to reservations (now Nunavut) n n Transcontinental Railroad was built on this land Soon, 3 new provinces & 1 territory were created: Manitoba, British Columbia, Prince Edward Island, and the Northwest Territories

Results of the Railroad: Increased shipment of goods across the country n Increased travel from coast to coast n Created new provinces & territories n Increased Canadian nationalism n n Before the railroad, most people only thought of themselves as belonging to their province; after they felt as if they were part of one country

Transcontinental Railroad

Yukon n n GOLD was discovered along the western coast of Canada in 1896 Canada’s government created Yukon territory in 1898 to meet the needs of the area’s growing population

Canada & WWI n Canada still had close ties with Britain & felt they should contribute in the fight against Germany n n Sent military forces, raw materials, and food to Europe Canada’s contribution changed the way the world viewed it Canada was now a union that was able to compete with world powers n WWI increased Canadian nationalism n

1931 n Canada was granted partial separation from England. Canada could make decisions that England did not have to approve. n Canada remained a member of the British Commonwealth because they still considered Britain’s monarch to be their ceremonial head of state.

1982 The Canada Act n Canada asked for and received complete freedom from England. n Independence gained without bloodshed. n Remains a part of the British Commonwealth.

Nunavut (1999) n In the 1970 s, Inuit wanted to create a territory called Nunavut because: Wanted their own territory so that they could start making decisions for themselves. They needed their own government. n Wanted control of their land—for many years Canada had used the resources of the Arctic without asking the Inuit n Inuit still live the same way that their ancestors did—they use traditional methods for survival n