History and Physics of ASTRONOMY Nicholas Copernicus 1473

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History and Physics of ASTRONOMY

History and Physics of ASTRONOMY

Nicholas Copernicus • 1473 -1543 • Contributions: demonstrated a theory that the earth and

Nicholas Copernicus • 1473 -1543 • Contributions: demonstrated a theory that the earth and all planets revolve around the sun (heliocentric as opposed to geocentric) • In his model the planets revolve in a circular path around the sun

Tycho Brahe • 1546 -1601 • Contributions: most accurate and comprehensive observations of astronomy

Tycho Brahe • 1546 -1601 • Contributions: most accurate and comprehensive observations of astronomy (planets) of the time • Proposed that the sun and moon orbit earth while other planets revolve around the sun • Hired Kepler to figure out the retrograde motion of mars

Johannes Kepler • 1571 -1630 • Contributions: three laws of planetary motion – The

Johannes Kepler • 1571 -1630 • Contributions: three laws of planetary motion – The orbit of every planet is an ellipse with the sun at one of the two foci – A line joining a planet and the sun sweeps out equal areas during equal time intervals – The square of the orbital period of a planet is directly proportional to the cube of the semi major axis of its orbit (P 2= A 3) P=years: A=AU’s

Galileo Galilei • 1564 -1642 • Contributions: first to experiment – telescope (which he

Galileo Galilei • 1564 -1642 • Contributions: first to experiment – telescope (which he modified from Lipperchet’s spy glass) – Father of modern observational astronomy • Phases of Venus • 4 moons of Jupiter • Sunspots – Defied Catholic Church for supporting Coppernican theory

Sir Isaac Newton • • 1642 -1727 Created calculus Laws of motion (you already

Sir Isaac Newton • • 1642 -1727 Created calculus Laws of motion (you already know) Laws of gravity F = GMa. Mb/D 2 G = 6. 67 x 10 -11 Nm 2/Kg 2

Circular Velocity • To maintain a stable orbit around earth you must be traveling

Circular Velocity • To maintain a stable orbit around earth you must be traveling ~8 km/s • Vc = GM/r (velocity = SQRT of the gravitational constant G times the mass of the planet M divided by the radius R of the orbiting object to the center of the object it is rotating around) • Or R = GM / V 2

Escape Velocity • Velocity required to break free of the gravity of whatever planet

Escape Velocity • Velocity required to break free of the gravity of whatever planet or moon (or sun) you are on • Earth’s is approximately 11, 000 m/s (25, 000 mph) • Ve = (2 GM/R) or the escape velocity equals the SQRT of 2 times the gravitational constant times the mass of the planet divided by the distance from the center of the planet

Doppler Effect

Doppler Effect

Coriolis Effect

Coriolis Effect

RENAISSANCE ASTRONOMY COPERNICUS NICOLAUS COPERNICUS 1473 1543 BORNRENAISSANCE ASTRONOMY COPERNICUS NICOLAUS COPERNICUS 1473 1543 BORN
Nicolaus Copernicus Nicolas Copernicus Birth February 19 1473Nicolaus Copernicus Nicolas Copernicus Birth February 19 1473
Astronomers Copernicus 1473 1543 Copernicus The first toAstronomers Copernicus 1473 1543 Copernicus The first to
Nicholas Copernicus 1473 1543 The Heliocentric System InNicholas Copernicus 1473 1543 The Heliocentric System In
Nicolaus Copernicus Born 1473 Torun Poland Died 1543Nicolaus Copernicus Born 1473 Torun Poland Died 1543
Nicolaus Copernicus Polish 1473 1543 Developed sun centeredNicolaus Copernicus Polish 1473 1543 Developed sun centered
Renaissance Period Copernicus 1473 1543 Tycho Brahe 1546Renaissance Period Copernicus 1473 1543 Tycho Brahe 1546
Nicolaus Copernicus 19 February 1473 24 May 1543Nicolaus Copernicus 19 February 1473 24 May 1543
Nicolaus Copernicus 1473 1573 Johannes Kepler 1571 1630Nicolaus Copernicus 1473 1573 Johannes Kepler 1571 1630