Genetic Variation The original source of all genetic

Genetic Variation The original source of all genetic variation is _____. a) natural selection b) sexual reproduction c) independent assortment d) recombination e) mutation

Evolution In evolutionary terms, an organism's fitness is measured by its _____. a) stability in the face of environmental change b) contribution to the gene pool of the next generation c) genetic variability d) mutation rate e) health

Allele Frequencies Red short-horned cattle are homozygous for the red allele, white cattle are homozygous for the white allele, and roan cattle are heterozygotes. Population A consists of 36% red, 16% white, and 48% roan cattle. What are the allele frequencies? a) b) c) d) red = 0. 36, white = 0. 16 red = 0. 6, white = 0. 4 red = 0. 5, white = 0. 5 Allele frequencies cannot be determined unless the population is in equilibrium.

Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium Determination Which of these populations are in Hardy. Weinberg equilibrium? a) b) c) d) A B both A and B neither A nor B

Cystic Fibrosis 1 The frequency of cystic fibrosis, a recessive genetic disease, is 1 per 2, 500 births among Northern Europeans. Assuming random mating, what is the frequency of carriers? a) 1/2, 500, or about 0. 04% b) 1/50, or about 2% c) 1/25, or about 4% d) The frequency cannot be calculated because selection violates Hardy-Weinberg assumptions.

Cystic Fibrosis 2 Until the 1950 s, infants born with cystic fibrosis did not survive longer than a few months. If the frequency of carriers was 4% in the year 1900, what proportion of CF alleles was eliminated in one generation? a) b) c) d) e) 100% 50% 4% 2% <0. 1%

Cystic Fibrosis 3 The frequency of cystic fibrosis is extremely low among Asians and Africans. What may explain the relatively high frequency of cystic fibrosis among Northern Europeans? a) bottleneck effect b) founder effect c) genetic drift d) directional selection e) balancing selection

Evolution of Drug Resistance in HIV, with Time after Initiation of Treatment Before treatment with 3 TC, did 3 TC-resistant viruses exist in these patients? a) yes b) no c) no way to tell

Mutation If 3 TC resistance carries a cost, what will happen to the proportion of the drug-resistant virus after 3 TC treatment stops? a) It will increase. b) It will decline. c) It will stay the same. d) It will drift randomly. e) There is no way to predict what will happen.

A high proportion of the cats on Key West have extra toes (polydactyly). What is the most likely explanation? a) high rate of mutation b) founder effect c) bottleneck effect d) directional selection for extra toes