Fruit Tree Grafting Kevin Heaton Utah State University

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Fruit Tree Grafting Kevin Heaton Utah State University Extension Kane and Garfield Counties

Fruit Tree Grafting Kevin Heaton Utah State University Extension Kane and Garfield Counties

Grafting is … any process of inserting a part of one plant into or

Grafting is … any process of inserting a part of one plant into or on another in a way that they will unite and continue growth as a single unit

Fruit Cultivar Grafting wood Root

Fruit Cultivar Grafting wood Root

Fruit Tree Scion wood Fruiting cultivar gala, cameo, etc Rootstock Size of tree Disease

Fruit Tree Scion wood Fruiting cultivar gala, cameo, etc Rootstock Size of tree Disease resistance Apple has the most

Why would you want to graft a fruit tree?

Why would you want to graft a fruit tree?

We graft fruit trees because we want to … o o o o Old

We graft fruit trees because we want to … o o o o Old tree you want to save Several varieties on one tree (3 in 1, 4 in 1, ) Produce semi-dwarf and dwarf fruit trees Repair Topwork Not true from seed Produce new trees Accomplishment

Time of Year o Grafting is done during the dormant season n n Scionwood

Time of Year o Grafting is done during the dormant season n n Scionwood AND rootstock should be dormant Scionwood is last years growth o Budding is done during the growing season (August) n n The cambium of the rootstock needs to be actively growing (slip) Mature bud from this years growth

Budding

Budding

Apple Varieties

Apple Varieties

Rootstock Size

Rootstock Size

Apple Rootstock

Apple Rootstock

Collecting Scion Wood o Collect scion wood when dormant n o o February –

Collecting Scion Wood o Collect scion wood when dormant n o o February – early March Last year’s growth n o Water sprouts work wonderful for this (¼” to 3/8”) Discard the top 3 -6 inches of the tip and the bottom 3 -6 inches o o Clean the scion wood with mild solution of bleach (1 -2%) Rinse and dry Place in peat moss or wet paper towel Place in fridge at 34 -40 F (crisper works well) Keep this way until you are ready to graft

Rootstock o Raintree Nursery

Rootstock o Raintree Nursery

Steps to Grafting Select a piece of rootstock and fruiting wood that match diameter

Steps to Grafting Select a piece of rootstock and fruiting wood that match diameter wise Keep the rootstock in water until you are ready for it Make good sharp cuts on rootstock and scion wood Make sure there is good contact between the cambium layers on both the rootstock and scion wood.

Steps to Grafting Secure the union tightly with a grafting band or a piece

Steps to Grafting Secure the union tightly with a grafting band or a piece of tape. Leave 2 to 3 "back-up" buds on the scion and remove the rest of the wood. Place in plastic bag with moist soil pep/peat moss/sawdust. Dip in pruning seal and let dry. Keep indoors and hold the temperature around 60 o to 70°F to encourage callusing. (VERY IMPORTANT) Maintain these temperatures for 10 to 14 days.

Steps to Grafting Then plant them into growing beds about 2’ to 3’ apart

Steps to Grafting Then plant them into growing beds about 2’ to 3’ apart or in a container with drainage. Tape should be cut several weeks after scions are growing. Be careful not to dislodge the graft union. Usually 4 to 6 weeks after setting outside. Take off all “Rootstock” buds with your fingers as they sprout. (Rootstock buds will compete with those on the scion wood and they use up energy). Don’t try to over winter in pots unless you can mulch around them.

Reasons for Graft Failure o o o o Stock and scion were not compatible

Reasons for Graft Failure o o o o Stock and scion were not compatible Cambiums were not meeting properly Scion wood was upside down Done at the wrong time of the year Scion wood was not dormant Scion wood was displaced Graft union was girdled because tape not removed

Resources http: //aggie-horticulture. tamu. edu/propagation/ http: //www. raintreenursery. com/ http: //www. treco. nu/ http:

Resources http: //aggie-horticulture. tamu. edu/propagation/ http: //www. raintreenursery. com/ http: //www. treco. nu/ http: //www. lawyernursery. com/ http: //www. maplevalleyorchards. com/ http: //www. towerhillbg. org/thwebscion. html

Acknowledgements: Presentation developed by Mike Pace USU Extension Faculty Box Elder County mike. pace@usu.

Acknowledgements: Presentation developed by Mike Pace USU Extension Faculty Box Elder County mike. pace@usu. edu http: //extension. usu. edu/boxelder/

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