Microspore Megaspore Pollination Double fertilization Simple fruits Aggregate

新一代的開始 由小孢子(Microspore)到花粉粒 由大孢子(Megaspore)到卵 由傳粉(Pollination)到授精 雙重授精(Double fertilization)

果實的三種類別 單果(Simple fruits) 聚合果(Aggregate fruits): 草莓 多花果(Multiple fruits): 鳳梨

震顫白楊(Populus tremuloides)

誘導式繁殖 組織培養繁殖(Tissue culture propagation)

植物激素 Plant hormone Hormone Major Function Position 生長素 Auxin Stem elongation, root growth, differentiation, branching, development of fruit apical dominance, phototropsim, gravitropism Meristems of apical buds, young leaves 細胞分裂激素 Cytokinin Root growth and differentiation, cell division and growth, germination, flowering, delay senescence Roots 濫長素 (赤霉素) Gibberellin Seed and bud germination, stem elongation, leaf growth, flowering, development of fruit Meristems of apical bud, roots, young leaves, embryo 離層酸 (脫落酸) Abscisic acid Inhibits growth, stomata closing , Leaves, stems, green fruit dormancy 乙烯 Ethylene Fruit ripening, opposes some auxin effects Tissues of ripening fruit, nodes of stems, dying leaves

植物的向性 向地性(Gravitropism) 向光性(Phototropism) 向觸性(Thigmotropism)

向地性(Gravitropism) 平衡石(Statolith)

向光性(Phototropism)

向觸性(Thigmotropism)