Essential Question What are the similarities differences among

Essential Question: –What are the similarities & differences among the Spanish, French, Dutch, & British patterns of colonization in America? ■ Warm-Up Questions: –Label the Spanish, French, Dutch, & British colonies on the map on your notes using pg 39 ■

These. Before empires the were. Europeans destroyed by America the arrival of Spanish conquistadors Before discovered The■Aztecs (in. Columbus’ Central America) America in 1492, North America & Incas (in South America) created large, powerful Native empires Americans: was dominated

America Before Europeans The Plains Indiansthe were hunters ■ & gathers but became mobile Before Columbus’ discovered hunters after the Spanish America in 1492, North introduced America the horse into North America was dominated Native Americans:

America Before. Indians the Europeans The Eastern Woodlands lived in small farming communities & were ■ Before Columbus’ discovered the first contacts in with British settlers in America 1492, North America Virginia & Massachusetts was dominated Native Americans:

The Columbian Exchange ■ The arrival of Europeans led to the introduction of new products between Indians & Europeans called the Columbian Exchange: –Indians introduced corn, tobacco, potatoes, peanuts to whites –Europeans introduced horses, livestock, citrus, & diseases –An estimated 90% of Indians died due to European disease

The European Colonies in America: Spain, France, the Netherlands, & Britain

European Colonies in America ■ During the Renaissance, a desire for new trade routes to Asia led to an Age of Exploration: –Led by Spain & Portugal, explorers found new trade routes, colonies, & people to Christianize –Colonization in North America led to destruction of Indian culture, permanent settlements for whites, & wealth for European nations

Samuel Christopher Champlain Columbus founded “discovered” Quebec after America Vasco da Gama found India failing looking to find for Four aa westward NW passage route to to India by. Ferdinand sailing around Africa Magellan led the first Key Explorers expedition to circumnavigate the globe

Exploration led to permanent European colonies

Spanish Colonies in North America

The Spanish government Spanish Colonies in North encouraged converting Indians establishing missions ■&Motivations: America –After Columbus, Spain dominated Central & South America & the SE & SW sections of North America –Spanish conquistadors explored in search of gold & silver –Missionaries converted Native Americans to Catholicism

Spanish Colonies in North America Government: Royal control –Spanish colonies were funded & controlled by the monarch –Viceroys were sent to the colonies to serve as governors ■ Economy: Desire for wealth –Used Indian & African slave labor to mine gold & silver –Built encomiendas (plantations) to farm cash crops ■

Spanish Colonies in North America ■ Society: Strictly controlled –Viceroys were sent to rule –Creoles were white colonists living in Spanish colonies; had opportunities for land & wealth –The lack of women led to inter-marriage with Indians & a mixed-race population (mestizos) –Indians & African slaves made up the bottom of society

French Colonies in North America

Like. French Spain, the French Colonies gov’t encouraged converting Indians & ■ Motivations: establishing missions in North America –After Champlain’s attempt to find a NW passage through Canada, he founded Quebec –The “French crescent” included Canada, the Mississippi River, & New Orleans –Missionaries converted Native Americans to Catholicism

French Colonies in North America Government: Royal control –The French colonies were strictly controlled by royal governors ■ Economy: Desire for fur trade –Most French colonists profited from the fur trade, small-scale farming, or lumbering ■ Society: Friendly with Indians –Because the French needed furs, they were the most friendly with the local Native Americans ■

Dutch Colonies in North America

Dutch Colonies in North America Motivations: –The Dutch established New Amsterdam as a trade center ■ Political, Economic, Social: –To attract settlers, the gov’t allowed anyone to immigrate –As a result, New Amsterdam was one of the most diverse colonies in North America ■

British Colonies in North America

British Colonies in North America Motivations: Many different reasons – Economic: Escape poverty or gain wealth from cash crop farming –Religious: For religious freedom & to escape religious persecution – Political: Fear during the English Civil War & Glorious Revolution ■ As a result, the British colonies were very different from each other & were never very unified ■

British Colonies in North America ■ Government: –The colonies differed from French & Spanish because the British gov’t had no desire to create a centralized empire in America –Britain developed a policy called salutary neglect in which the colonists could create local laws & taxes in their colonial assemblies –Royal governors were sent by the king, but they had little power

Unlike New. British England the Spanish colonies, & French, like the Colonies in North Massachusetts, British colonists were never closely made ■ Economy & sweeping connectedattempts by religion to convert, & Society: marry, families or trade & were withmostly local Native –Americans, The societies & who subsistence farmers although conflicts had economies little over desire landtowere makecommon money of the British colonies were dependent upon colonies, the Southern like reasons people Virginia, had cash crop economies, settled large gaps between rich & poor farmers, & slave labor America

Closure Activity ■ In order to review the Spanish, French, Dutch, & British colonies, students will be presented with a series of “potential immigrants” to North America. For each person: –Determine the best colonial region for that person to move to –Provide a brief explanation that supports your decision

Potential Immigrant: A poor, unmarried man looking to make his fortune

Potential Immigrant: A person with very religious beliefs

Potential Immigrant: A woman looking for new opportunities in America

Potential Immigrant: A person looking for political freedom & the ability help make laws

Potential Immigrant: A Native American looking for freedom from European control

Potential Immigrant: A person who enjoys living “where the action is” (a place where something exciting is always happening)

Potential Immigrant: A father looking for safety & security for his family

Potential Immigrant: An entrepreneur looking for a location to open a business specializing in shipping