Emissions Oxides of Nitrogen NOx NO NO 2
- Slides: 25
Emissions • Oxides of Nitrogen NOx - NO , NO 2 • Particulates • CO 2 • CO • Methane 2
Emissions - Impact • Oxides of Nitrogen NOx – Local Air Quality • Particulates – Local Air Quality • CO 2 – Global warming • CO – Local Air Quality • Methane – Global warming 3
Emissions Reductions Heavy vehicles 4 4
Source of data SMMT
Replacement candidates H 2 Electric Hybrid Diesel Ethanol Biodiesel CNG LNG 1. Must be as efficient as diesel § Total Cost of Ownership § Reliability & Safety § Payload & Versatility § Comfort & performance 2. Must be low environmental impact § Reduced CO 2 emission § Reduced air pollutants § Reduced noise § Reduced oil dependency 3. Requires efficient distribution network § Widespread availability § Ongoing, easy access supply 6
Replacement candidates Alternative technologies Full Electric Hydrogen Fuel Cell Parallel Hybrid Plug-in Hybrid CNG Bio CNG LNG Bio LNG +++ ++ Regional Short distance only +++ No benefit + ++ ++ Off-Road Impractical 10 years + No benefit + ++ ++ National Impractical 10 years + No benefit Long Haul Impractical 10 years + No benefit Missions Urban ++ Rigids only Difficult ++ ++ 7
What does it take to beat the diesel solution ? 8
Hydrogen Fuel Cell Trucks – Iveco / FPT FUEL CELL POWERTRAIN. CONCEPT SHOWN AT IAA HANNOVER 2018 FOR LONG HAUL TRANSPORT Range 200 km
Hydrogen Fuel Cell Trucks – Nikola USA
Which Fuel? Fuel Energy density % Diesel 37. 0 MJ/l 100 LNG @-160⁰C 22. 2 MJ/l 60 CNG @250 bar 9. 0 MJ/l 24 Hydrogen liquid @-252⁰C 8. 4 MJ/l 22 Hydrogen @700 bar 4. 5 MJ/l 12
Challenges § Weight § Length § Height § Cost Regulation 1230 / 2012 EU 12
Dimensions EU 4. 0 m EU 13. 6 m 40 Tonnes Max Combination 5 axles 16. 5 m 13
Dimensions UK No Limit UK 13. 6 m 44 Tonnes Max Combination 6 axles 16. 5 m 14
NGVs – New technology? Fiat CNG – the very beginning 1937
NGVs – New technology? During the Second World War
Gas Vehicle Technology? • Compressed NG (CNG) • 200 Bar storage • Liquid NG (LNG) • Cryogenic -160 deg C • Spark Ignition: Iveco, Scania, Mercedes, Volvo FE • HPDI: Volvo Artics
IVECO Homologated Emissions 18
The Environmental Case for Gas on Long Haul Testing of Volvo and Scania products is showing similar results Conclusion is that CO 2 is better than Diesel on Long Haul operations and that Biomethane will improve the well to wheel emissions to a circa 85% improvement. NOx and Particulates are better but numbers are small for diesel anyway. 19
The Circular Economy
The Circular Economy Fertilizer transport BIO CNG / LNG Food transport Anaerobic Digestion Organic waste collection Farming Organic waste collection 21
The Circular Economy Anaerobic digestion 22
The Commercial case for Gas TCO VS DIESEL: 10 -20% BETTER DEPENDING ON MILEAGE FUEL COST SAVINGS -15% FUEL LOWER NATURAL GAS COST FUEL DUTY DIFFERENTIAL GUARANTEED TILL 2032
What’s available? – Natural gas § 3. 5 to 7. 2 t GVW CNG • Iveco Daily § 7. 5 to 26 t GVW rigids CNG with a few LNG variants. • • • Iveco Eurocargo and Stralis Scania Volvo FE Renault Mercedes Econic and Actros § Artics • Iveco – 4 x 2 and 6 x 2 – CNG and LNG • Scania - 4 x 2 – CNG and LNG • Volvo - 4 x 2 and 6 x 2 – LNG only 24
The Dilema • • Urban Car and Light Commercial Short distance Construction Equipment (diggers etc) City Bus Air Quality Zero emission Electric or H 2 Fuel Cell • • Extra Urban Medium and Heavy Commercial Long distance Agricultural Equipment (Tractors etc) Intercity Bus and Coach Global warming Low Carbon Internal Combustion with Bio Fuel Zero Emission Capable? 25 25
