EDU 301 Lecture 17 Oppositional Defiant Disorder O

EDU 301 Lecture 17

Oppositional Defiant Disorder O Remember O May be linked to deficits in learning behavior (pre-K training leads to better adolescents) O May be linked to deficits in school readiness (more common in boys, not skilled in basic manners like sitting, listening, sharing) O May be linked to deficits in teaching strategies

Interventions for ODD O Attention seekers need a replacement O O behavior Use positive reinforcement to teach acceptable behaviors Early intervention to prevent alienation Avoid teacher pitfalls by taking notice of good behaviors at an equal or greater rate School-wide classroom rules: what goes in one class goes throughout the school: kind of like a zero tolerance rule

The key O Positive reinforcement to invoke acceptable behaviors

Non-compliance- “It’s time to put up your artwork for the day. ” OPassive non- compliance ODirect defiance OSimple refusal ONegotiation

Causes of non-compliant behavior O Inconsistent adult direction O Adults who are stubborn and unlikely to change their behavior to better meet the needs of the students (maybe noncompliance is more like resentment? ) O Never learned compliance at home

Interventions for noncompliant behavior O Find out where the power struggle is and try to O O diminish Teach compliance---who else will if you don’t? Use behavior momentum by asking a high frequency of high probability compliance requests and then imbed a request that has historically caused non-compliant behaviors Remember the negotiator? Listen Linda

Aggressive Behavior O Most serious of inappropriate behaviors O Gaining power O Escape O Self-gratification O Hitting/pushing O Isolating a peer on purpose O Name-calling O Sexual assault O Homicide

2 classifications Physical O Kicking O Hitting O Spitting O Biting O Grabbing O Throwing Verbal O Bossy behavior O Teasing O Tattling O Criticizing others O Picking on others O Sarcastic comments

Common denominatordegrading or harming another human being. O The aggressor is seeking power O The aggressor has little regard for fellow classmates O The aggressor is seeking self gratification

5 patterns of aggression O 1. Overaroused aggression-high level of activity which causes multiple accidents; lots of random pushing and shoving of anyone and everyone. There is no specific target. O 2. Impulsive aggression-student is generally quiet until he/she becomes frustrated, at which point will explode in emotion and possible violence

5 patterns con’t O 3. Affective aggression-Student exhibits rageful aggression. They are seen as chronically angry, resentful and hostile O 4. Predatory aggression-Student is seeking revenge, waiting for a chance to get back at another person in a harmful way O 5. Instrumental aggression-Student is intimidating and a bully; he/she gets their way by intimidation

Common causes O Can be intergenerational O From within the family: O Lack of emotional support O Exposure to domestic (and other) violence O Corporal punishment O High level of family conflict, unresolved

Child is trained to be aggressive O May receive positive reinforcement for the behavior through laughter and attention O May get out of ‘work’ through aggression O Aggression is learned in early childhood O Social isolation more aggressive behavior

Modeled by adults or peers O We learn to deal with frustration by watching others O If a child only witnesses aggression to frustration what can we expect? O Teachers thus have to be the model O Stay calm, talk through it, walk away until calm

Media Influence O Exposure to constant media violence desensitizes the child O Studies show media violence is linked to aggressive behavior in children (see handout for cited study) O A study of 8 year olds showed that media was best predictor of aggressive behavior in 18 year olds (See handout for citation)

Social Skills deficits O Typical scene: An aggressive child pushes his/her way into an activity. O Students respond by going elsewhere or stopping the activity O Student is rejected, but finds other peers who may be more accepting O These ‘new friends’ encourage aggression leading to long term social problems in society

Interventions O Teach acceptable skills through positive reinforcement (more chocolate? ? ) O Develop the following in the student: O Self awareness O Think about personal feelings to peer reactions O Think about solutions O Recognize when he/she is beginning to feel angry O Talk yourself through it

Other interventions O More positive/less negative O Behavior contracts O Token economies O Building relationships (“I noticed…”) O Meaningful curriculum (differentiated instruction)

ADHD O https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=u. U 6 o 2 _UFSEY

Don’t give up on Bobby O https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=p. JFAU Autx. BA

ADHD TED TAlk O https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=u. U 6 o 2 _UFSEY