Ecosystem Services and Resilience ESR ES underpin rural

Ecosystem Services and Resilience - ESR

ES underpin rural livelihoods Cultural – ecotourism Regulating— water quality, detoxification Cultural—sense of place, local agronomic and ecological knowledge Provisioning — crops, livestock, building materials Supporting — flood retention Regulating—pest control, pollination Supporting—nutrient cycling, primary production, soil formation Regulating—filtration ©Eric Baran Provisioning— fish, other aquatic organisms Provisioning — water for irrigation, domestic, transport

A framework for Ecosystem Services and Resilience in Agriculture

Avelino et al. 2012

A framework for Ecosystem Services and Resilience in Agriculture

Moving Beyond Ideology to Close Yield Gaps and “Nature Gaps” in 21 st Century Agriculture: A Review of the Multi-Functionality of Five Systems of Agroecological Intensification Jeffrey C. Milder 1, 2*†, Kelly Garbach 3*, Fabrice A. J. De. Clerck 4*, Laura Driscoll 5, Maywa Montenegro 5, and Barbara Herren 6 7

Wildlife Conservation Society; Columbia University; Forest Trends; University of Massachusetts; The Nature Conservancy; Ecosystem Marketplace; Eko Assets; Natural Capital Project, Stanford University; Plymouth University; Verified Carbon Standard; US Agency for International Development; Australian National University; Bioversity International, CGIAR; World Resources Institute; Dow Chemical; Ecometrica; Arizona State University; World Bank; Enterprise Works/VITA; UNEP, WWF; Green Ant Advisors; National University of Central Buenos Aires; University of Wisconsin; Lancaster University and University of São Paulo; Duke University; University of British Columbia; Arizona State University; University of Minnesota; US EPA; Biotope; Archipelago Consulting; Michigan State University; Calvert Investments, Inc. ; Mission Markets; Natura Boliva; Defenders of Wildlife.

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Time lag: Years between service produced and received Fremier et al. , (2013) Increasing importance of payment or management of ecosystem services 103 CONNECTIVITY: CLIMATE RESPONSE CARBON SEQUESTRATION FLOOD BUFFERING 102 CONNECTIVITY: REPRODUCTION 101 SEDIMENT REDUCTION, CHANNEL FILTRATION Riparian specific ecosystem services SCENIC BEAUTY 100 POLLINATION PREDATION Local Direct services Ecological benefit/ facilitator CONNECTIVITY: FORAGE Intra-watershed Global Watershed Spatial lag: Proximity between producer and consumer (km)

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WLE (2014)

WLE (2014), Ruckelshaus et al. (2013)

How to assess ES? Monetary vs. Non-monetary valuations Modelling vs. Measured vs. Participatory approaches WLE (2014), Bagstad et al. (2013)

Standard measurements: ES (including yield) Socio-economic 100 Agroecological intensification 100 conventional 100 Crop 100 Forest