Documenting Sources Using APA Format Avoid Plagiarism Cite

Documenting Sources Using APA Format Avoid Plagiarism. Cite it Right!

What is APA Format? � APA stands for the American Psychological Association � It is a format for documenting all source material to avoid plagiarism (Academic Dishonesty) � In a research-based paper, you must document your sources within your paragraphs (internal documentation) and as a Reference page at the end of a paper.

Creating a Reference in APA Format A reference to the source you used to write your summary must be included with your paragraph. The reference page is a separate page with the title, Reference , centered at the top. You will need the following information in your reference. Title Author Source Date DOI (if available) or database information Web address (if applicable) Publication company and location Pages, volume, issue

Creating a reference for an article from a database Author Last Name, Author First Initial. (Year, Month Day). Article title. Magazine Title. Volume(Issue), Pages. DOI# or Retrieve from web address � � � If there is no DOI listed in the database, use the web address listed. Use proper formatting- Hanging indentation, double line spacing, insert proper punctuation, use italics where indicated, and check capitalization. You MUST follow this format precisely. If your article does not have all the pieces of information listed in the reference (a month or day of publication, for example), just work with what you have. DO NOT make up information.

Creating a Reference in APA Format Author Last Name, Author First Initial. (Year, Month Day). Article title. Magazine Title. Volume(Issue), Pages. DOI# or Retrieved from web address EXAMPLE Fischer, F. (2010, November 5). Plagiarism accusation creates a new climate of distrust and fear. Chronicle of Higher Education. 57(11), A 45. Retrieved from http: //chronicle. com/

Citing Direct Quotations in APA Format When using a direct quotation from a source, follow these guidelines to adhere to APA requirements. Be careful to use the author’s exact words and punctuation � Include the author’s name, year of publication, and page or paragraph number for the quoted material, either as part of the signal phrase or in parentheses at the end of the quoted material � If you need to add a word or words for clarification, place the added material in brackets [ ] � If you need to leave out a section for clarity or length issues, place an ellipsis. . . in the spot where the words were deleted � Always be true to the author’s intent � Use quotation marks around the directly used material �

Embedding Quotations into Sentences � You must use a signal phrase for the direct quote � Typical forms of signal phrases include: ◦ Partial or full APA citation information Authors Smith and Morris (2011) wrote, “quote from text. ” (131). On page 133 of their best selling expose on the subject, experts Smith and Morris (2011) wrote, “quote the text. ” ◦ Generic introductory material Opponents of the cause explained, “quote from text. ” (APA citation) One man who witnessed the protest said, “quote. ” (APA citation) � Signal Phrases always contain: 1. A noun naming who wrote/said the information you are quoting Last name of the speaker/writer OR Generic reference to the speaker/writer 2. An action verb- writes, say, exclaim, question, explain, detail, describe, proclaim, outline, argue, contends, notes, points out, warns, admits, concludes, thinks, etc… 3. A comma between the signal phrase and direct quote

Typical Citations � When quoting text from a book, provide the author (last name), the year, and the specific page number � Meile (1993) found that “the ‘placebo effect’, which had been verified in previous studies, disappeared when behaviors were studied in this manner” (p. 276). � The writer stated, “the ‘placebo effect’, which had been verified in previous studies, disappeared when behaviors were studied in this manner” (Meile, 1993, p. 276).

Internet Citations � Internet articles may not have page numbers, so include the paragraph number in the citation with the paragraph symbol (¶) or the abbreviation para. � If the Internet article does have page numbers, include them INSTEAD of the paragraph number. � To add the paragraph symbol (¶): 1. Make sure your cursor is where you want the symbol to go 2. Go to “Insert” on the toolbar 3. Click on “Symbol” 4. Find the symbol, and click insert. 5. Click close

Internet Citations � As Myers (2000, ¶ 5) aptly phrased it, “positive emotions are both an end- better to live fulfilled, with joy- and a means to a more caring and healthy society. ” � The author said, “positive emotions are both an end- better to live fulfilled, with joy- and a means to a more caring and healthy society. ” (Myers, 2000, ¶ 5)

Citing Paraphrases � When you paraphrase an original idea or research from a source, you still must cite it. � To cite properly, include the author’s last name and year of publication. You may include pages numbers, but it is not required. � The ‘placebo effect’, a well documented phenomena, was absent from this study (Meile, 1993).

How to use Ellipsis Points � Use THREE ellipsis points (…) within a sentence where words or phrases have been omitted. Original Statement: � John F. Kennedy stated in his inaugural address (1961), “Let every nation know, whether it wishes us well or ill, that we shall pay any price, bear nay burden, meet any hardship, support any friend, oppose any foes, in order to assure the survival and the success of liberty. ” Statement with omission of text: � John F. Kennedy stated in his inaugural address (1961), “Let every nation know…that we shall pay any price, bear nay burden, meet any hardship, support any friend, oppose any foes, in order to assure the survival and the success of liberty. ”

How to use Ellipsis Points � Use FOUR spaced ellipsis points (. . ) to indicate omission between TWO sentences. Original Statement: � John F. Kennedy stated in his inaugural address (1961), “And so, my fellow Americans: ask not what your country can do for youask what you can do for your country. My fellow citizens of the world: ask not what America will do for you, but together what we can do for the freedom of man. Finally, whether you are citizens of America or citizens of the world, ask of us the same high standards of strength and sacrifice which we ask of you. ” Statement with omission of a whole sentence � John F. Kennedy stated in his inaugural address (1961), “And so, my fellow Americans: ask not what your country can do for youask what you can do for your country. . Finally, whether you are citizens of America or citizens of the world, ask of us the same high standards of strength and sacrifice which we ask of you. ”

Activity to cite quotes properly… � � � Title: For the Jobless, Community College Offers a Safety Net Author: Josh Keller Source: The Chronicle of Higher Education, February 11, 2011, Volume 57, Issue 23, Page A 23 -A 24, Retrieved from http: //chronicle. com/ (no DOI) The recession has driven low-income young people who would otherwise be working into college. They often need remedial training in writing and math, but more urgently, many students also rely on college as a social safety net. Visits to Columbia College nurses and psychiatrists have tripled during the past four years. A food bank is expected to double in size this semester to serve 150 students. A day-care center on campus has a long waiting list. Without those services, college work would be impossible for many here. At 7: 30 most mornings, Ms. Alvarez arrives at Columbia, a stunning campus only 25 miles from Yosemite National Park that features redwood trees, geese, and-every so often-a mountain lion. She drops off her son, Julian, at the day -care center and walks to her morning class. There are no other kids on Julian's block, so spending the day at Columbia is his chance to play with kids his own age, she says. Besides, if not for the day-care facility, which is free to eligible students and the public, "I'd have to find somewhere I'd have to pay, " she says. "I'd probably not be able to afford that, not yet. " DIRECTIONS: Complete each item below. Make sure you use a signal phrase and APA formation for each rewrite. 1. Select one sentence to use as a direct quote. Write a signal phase, quote the text, and ensure the quotation has an APA citation either in the signal phrase or in parenthetical at the end. 2. Select one sentence and paraphrase it (recall our study module on proper paraphrases). Be sure to use a proper citation for your paraphrase. 3. Write a reference citation in APA format for this source (Use proper indentation, line spacing, punctuation, italics, and capitalization)