Citing Sources in Your Speech By Nic De

Citing Sources in Your Speech By: Nic De. Raad, Cole Nielsen, Zak Lippert, Ed Re. Mine, Sam Re. Mine, Jenna Oertli

Why acknowledging sources is important � Demonstrate quality and range of your research. � Avoid plagiarism and gain credibility. � Enhance your own authority and win more support for your point of view. � Enable listeners to locate your sources. � Ethically bound to attribute any information drawn from other peoples ideas, opinions, and theories.

Alert Listeners to Key Source Information � For each source, alert audience to the following: 1. Author or origin of the source 2. The type of source (magazine, book, Web site…) 3. The title or a description of the source 4. The date of the source � Oral presentations don’t have to include complete bibliography graphic reference, but keep a running list of source details for a bibliography at the end of your speech draft or outline

Establish The sources trust worthiness � • Many inexperienced speakers cite their sources incorrectly. Listeners will accept and believe the information provided if your sources are reliable and accurate. � • Source reliability- The level of trust in a sources ability to provide accurate information. � • Most of the time reliable sources are accurate, but this isn’t always the case. Sometime we have information that contradicts other reliable sources. This is common for controversial topics. � • To demonstrate sources trust worthiness, you must describe the sources qualifications in mention the information.

Avoid mechanical delivery � When acknowledging sources, you must do so without interrupting the flow of your speech. � Many audiences welcome information that adds background, but the key is to avoid mechanical delivery. � You can do this by varying your wording.

Qualifiers � It is important to include a source qualifier � Source qualifiers give credibility to the source ◦ Ex “Pulitzer-Prize winner” or “Mayo Clinic doctor”

Source types � Source types: ◦ Book (author’s name, qualifier, title, and date of publication) ◦ Print article (See book ◦ Online-only magazine (See book and include online magazine for publication) ◦ Web site (Website title, qualifier, section of website, and last update) ◦ Weblog (Blogger name, qualifier, affiliated website, and date) ◦ Television or radio program (Program name, segment, reporter, qualifier, and date aired) ◦ Online video (Video source, program, segment, qualifier, and date) ◦ Testimony (Name the person, qualifier, context, and date) ◦ Personal interview (Name the person, qualifier, and date)

Properly Citing Facts & Statistics � Facts that are common knowledge do not need to be cited ◦ Ex: The world revolves around the sun. � Statistics add credibility to a speech ◦ It is important, however, to explain what the numbers mean so that the audience has a better understanding of what is being said. ◦ Ex: According to a land mark series of three reports conducted by the Institute of Medicine, the need for emergency rooms has increased by 26% since 1993; during the same period, during the same period 425 emergency departments have closed their doors. � Data can change over time so it is important to say words like “these numbers imply/suggest” instead of “these numbers prove”

Properly Citing Information • 3 key ways to cite work that is not your own – Summary-brief overview of material – Paraphrase-restatement of someone else’s ideas and opinions in their own words – Direct Quote-word for word what someone else said