Cultures of Europe I Session 2 Welcome to

Cultures of Europe I Session 2 Welcome to Hungary! Hungary through the Arts 2

The Baroque Maria Theresa (1740 -1780) as Queen of Hungary

Baroque architecture o free, symmetrical arrangement o graceful shapes o semi-circularheaded windows o regular subdivisions of the façade and the interior o blended shapes Péterffy Palace, 1756 (Pest) 18 th-century parish church (Jászberény)

Baroque architecture and sculpture o o o open areas sequence of chapels curved walls marble columns blind arches sculpted texture of surfaces Interior of the Paulite Church (Pest) Black Virgin High Altar, Paulite Church (Pest) o o o devotional paintings and sculptures – Virgin Mary sculpture-frame angelic figures detailed drapery gilded statues and picture-frame

Literature Miklós Zrínyi (1620 -1664) o poet, prose-writer, politician, military leader o best-known work: The Peril of Sziget after the classical tradition

Late Baroque – Rococo Sala terrana of the Esterházy Palace, 1765 -68 o Late Baroque historical painting → scenes from Hungarian history o renders the 1566 siege of the Fort of Szigetvár , when its defender Miklós Zrínyi met his death o arose in secular culture, but also established itself in ecclesiastic art o unfolding classicizing taste o construction of public buildings: • free-form arrangements • interiors dominated by a wealth of playful decorations, curvilinear partitioning elements • whimsical ornamentation, exotic motifs • cycle of frescoes in the interior

Nineteenth-century Hungarian art Classicism o early 19 th century o order and hamony education o libraries, art collections, museums o the art of classical antiquity was the fundamental orientation for Classicism o ideas of urbanism and urban planning in architecture Ferenc Kazinczy (1759 -1831) a leading thinker of the time, lay emphasis on art and aesthetics, on the preservation and renewal of national culture István Ferenczy, Sheperdess (The Origin of the Fine Arts), 1820 -22 o one of the best-known works of Classicism in Hungary o no single main view

Neo-Palladian architecture in Hungary • • symmetry proportion , volume, human shape classical Orders rich sculptural decoration

19 th-century folk literarture and Romanticism in Hungary Sándor Petőfi János Arany Sándor Petőfi (1823 -1849) o one of the best-known Hungarian poets o the Hungarian landscape, the issues of the Hungarian folk and folk mythology are central to his poetry János Arany (1817 -1882) o born into the world of folk, he sought to reveal this world in his art o After the Revolution, he turned towards historical themes, sought to give insight through the interpretation of these Ferenc Kölcsey (1790 -1838) o the author of the „National Anthem” of Hungary (1823) o longing for the unknown was the main direction of his poetry, the exploration of the mystery of existence Mihály Vörösmarty (1800 -1855) o one of the initiators of the Romantic movement in Hungarian literature o theme of myths and legends marks a dominant strain of his art o author of Szózat, “Appeal” (1836) Ferenc Kölcsey Mihály Vörösmarty

The 19 th-century portrait Bertalan Székely, Self-Portrait, 1860 Fülöp László, Pope Leo XIII, 1900

A double portrait Henrik Weber, The Composer Mihály Mosonyi and his Wife, 1840’s

Historical painting Mihály Zichy, The Triumph of the Genius of Destruction, 1878 Eugene Delacroix, The Twenty-eight of July: Liberty Leading the People, 1830

The 19 th-century landscape Károly Ferenczy, Church, 1903 László Paál, Path in Fontainebleau Woods, 1876 Miklós Barabás, Venice, Twilight, 1830’s

19 th-century architecture Miklós Ybl, The Opera House, 1884 Frigyes Feszl, The Vigadó (Municipal Concert Hall), 1858 -1965 Ludwig Förster, The Dohány Street Synagogue, 1854 -59

Representatives of Hungarian music Zoltán Kodály Ferenc Erkel Béla Bartók

References: Andrea Palladio, ” at the homepage of The Royal Institute of British Architects. Retrieved from http: //www. architecture. com/Library. Drawings. And. Photographs/ Palladio/Andrea. Palladio/Palladios. Buildings. aspx Szerb, Antal. Magyar irodalomtörténet. [The History of Hungarian Literature. ] Budapest: Magvető, 1972. Bellák, Gábor et. al, A Thousand Years of Art in Hungary. Budapest: Corvina, 2012. Essential Humanities. Retrieved from http: //www. essentialhumanities. net/western-architecture/baroquearchitecture/

Home assignment: Please, look up the following words in an English-language dictionary: god polytheism and monotheism Old Testament New Testament