Cultural Approximation Cultural approximation is a translation strategy

Cultural Approximation • Cultural approximation is a translation strategy whereby a culture-specific expression in the SL is translated into a cultural substitute in the TL, i. e. , an approximately culturally corresponding TL expression. 1

Translate into Arabic • • • The British Home Office The American Congress Watchdog press lap-dog press sleep like a log 3

Equivalence • Is central to the translation process. • There are many types of equivalence • Nida (1964) proposed formal equivalence and dynamic equivalence. • Formal correspondence “focuses attention on the message itself, in both form and content, ” • Dynamic equivalence is based upon “the principle of equivalent effect” 5

Equivalence typology • Equivalence at word level • When analysing STs, translators recognize words as single units aiming to find a direct ‘equivalent’ in the TL. • Translators should consider a number of factors such as number, gender and tense. 6

Examples • Student • Fish 7

● ● ● How is the Arabic sentence different from the source English sentence. Ahmed bought a new car. ﺍﺷﺘﺮﻯ ﺃﺤﻤﺪ ﺳﻴﺎﺭﺓ ﺟﺪﻳﺪﺓ 8

Equivalence at collocation level • collocations represent the tendency of certain words to co-occur regularly in a certain language. • Cheque often occurs with bank, pay, money and write than with moon and butter 9

• What is the problem in the following translation. • Commit suicide ﻳﺮﺗﻜﺐ ﺍﻧﺘﺤﺎﺭﺍ 10