Cold War Superpowers Face Off Chapter 17 1

Cold War: Superpowers Face Off Chapter 17 -1

Vocabulary 1947 -1991 O United Nations O Iron Curtain O Containment O Truman Doctrine O Marshall Plan O Cold War O NATO O Warsaw Pact O Brinksmanship

Allies Become Enemies O U. S. and USSR alliance starts to unravel before WWII ends O U. S. mad that Stalin signed non-aggression pact O Stalin mad at Allies for not invading Europe sooner

Yalta Conference O U. S. , Britain, and Soviet Union met in Feb 1945 and decided to divide Germany into 4 occupied zones O U. S. O France O Britain O USSR

Creation of UN O June 1945 48 nations formed the United Nations in San Francisco O United Nations: International Peace keeping organization O Five Permanent Members with veto power O U. S O France O Great Britain O China O Soviet Union

U. S. versus USSR Goals O U. S. left the war strong, USSR left weak and mad O Communism versus Capitalism O Capitalism: economic system where the means of production are controlled by individuals for profit. O Communism: Means of production are owned by everyone.

USSR O Goal to protect their country from any future invasion and spread Communism O Eastern Europe was that buffer O Collection of communist states O Iron Curtain Speech-Churchill in the U. S. O Represents Europe’s division into Democratic Western states and Communist Eastern Europe

U. S. Tries to Contain Soviets O U. S. foreign policy of Containment: Policy geared towards stopping the expansion of Communism. Helping countries resist Communism O Truman Doctrine: Financial support for countries resisting Communism O Marshall Plan: Financial support for Western European countries to re build O Also prevented Communism from becoming popular

The Berlin Airlift O The City of Berlin was divided into West and East. O The West was surrounded by Soviet controlled Germany O Stalin cut off access to supplies O U. S. and GB flew supplies into West Berlin for almost a year to keep them fed and supplied O Stalin lifts embargo

Cold War Divides the World O Small conflicts combined to be what we call the Cold War O NATO: North Atlantic Treaty Organization O Alliance of U. S. , Canada, Britain and many others to come to each others aid if attacked O Warsaw Pact: created in response to NATO by the Communist countries

Threat of Nuclear War O 1949 Soviet Union exploded their first bomb O Arms race: the race to have more weapons than the other side. O Brinksmanship: The willingness to to go to the brink or edge of war and the politics associated with that. O ICBM: Intercontinental Ballistic Missile used to push the war into space O Space Race

U-2 O CIA put spy planes high in the skies above the USSR O One was caught in 1960 O Francis Gary Powers was caught and exchanged after a few years for a Soviet Spy O Heightened Cold War tensions O U. S. denied spying but was caught red handed

Assessment O What were Stalin’s motives in supporting Communist governments in Eastern Europe? O Why might Berlin be a likely spot for trouble to develop during the Cold War O What factors help to explain why the U. S. and the Soviet Union became rivals instead of allies?