CHAPTER 26 Section 2 THE COLD WAR HEATS

CHAPTER 26 Section 2 THE COLD WAR HEATS UP (It’s a play on words) (Funny, huh? !)

China Becomes a Communist Country Chaing Kai-shek • Nationalist • Ruled Southern and Eastern China • Relied on the United States • Struggled with the economy • Viewed as weak Mao Zedong • Communist • Gained control of northern China • Relied on the Soviet Union • Believed in land reform • Highly motivated

Renewed Civil War • REMEMBER: Japan wanted to take over China before WWII • Post WWII China was able to focus on its own country • Nationalists v. Communists • US backed the Nationalists but tried to help with peace • Gave aid money but not troops • Nationalists lost and Kai-Shek fled to Taiwan • China becomes Communists and changes name to People’s Republic of China • There was criticism that the US failed to contain Communism in Asia

THE KOREAN WAR North Korea Ruled by Japan until 1945 and then surrendered to the Soviet Union. Ruled by Kim Il Sung and based in Pyongyang. South Korea Ruled by Japan until 1945 and then surrendered to the United States. Ruled by Syngman Rhee and based in Seoul.

THE KOREAN WAR • June 25, 1950 • NORTH KOREA SURPRISE ATTACKS SOUTH KOREA! • 16 Nations sent 520, 000 troops to aid South Korea • 90% were American • Put under the command of General Douglas Mac. Arthur • SIDE NOTE: General Douglas Mac. Arthur’s father’s name was Arthur

At first, North Korea seemed unstoppable as they kept pushing farther and farther south Then, in September The Chinese 1950, Mac. Arthur intervene and force ordered troops using UN/US troops to amphibious landing retreat across the to push the enemy 38 th parallel farther north (capturing Seoul). Unexpectedly, the Soviet Union requested a cease-fire and truce talks began July 1951 with both sides reaching a deal establishing a DMZ

The End of the War • Cease-Fire of 1951 • Parts • Location of cease-fire line established • Set-Up of demilitarized zone • Exchange of prisoners • Ends in stalemate • Communism is contained to North Korea • 54, 000 Americans killed • Cost $67 Billion • Increased fear of Communism • As a result, Americans elected Dwight D. Eisenhower to the presidency

Mac. Arthur v. Truman • Mac. Arthur believed that to stop the bloodshed, the US had to attack China • Wanted to use nuclear weapons • Truman rejected Mac. Arthur’s request • Soviets had a mutual assistance pact with China • Attacking China could start WWIII • Instead of attacking China, the US/UN troops made a last push to take Seoul back from North Korea

Mac. Arthur v. Truman • Mac. Arthur was not satisfied with Truman’s response about China • He went to the media • Mac. Arthur was warned to follow orders • April 11, 1951 • Truman fired Mac. Arthur • Americans were outraged • Mac. Arthur addressed Congress • “Old soldiers never die, they just fade away. ” • In the long run, the public and Congress agreed with Truman against the full-scale war with China

Independent Work • Map Skill Builder pg. 819. • Pg. 821 3 -5 • Keep this paper you will turn it in with other work at a later date.