Chapter 8 Cognition A P Psychology Essential Question

Chapter 8: Cognition A. P. Psychology

Essential Question How do people process, store, and retrieve information? n What are the foundations of thought, problem-solving, and language? n

Chapter 8 -A The Phenomenon of Memory A. P. Psychology

Do-Now (Discussion) n. What is memory? would life be like without memory?

Clive Wearing: Living Without Memory

The Phenomenon of Memory n Memory: n The persistence of learning over time through the storage and retrieval of information

Processes of Memory n Encoding: n n Storage: n n The processing of information into the memory system The retention of encoded information over time Retrieval: n The process of getting information out of memory storage

Processes of Memory Keyboard (Encoding) Monitor Disk (Retrieval) (Storage) Sequential Process

Processes of Memory n How have you used the three parts of your memory system (encoding, storage, and retrieval) in learning something new today?

Stages of Memory n Sensory Memory: n n Short-term Memory: n n The immediate, very brief recording of sensory information in the memory system Activated memory that holds a few items briefly, such as the seven digits of a phone number while dialing, before the information is stored or forgotten Long-term Memory: n n The relatively permanent and limitless storehouse of the memory system Includes knowledge, skills, and experiences

Stages of Memory Atkinson-Shiffrin’s (1968) Three-Stage Model of Memory:

Stages of Memory n Modifications have been made to the Atkinson-Shiffrin Model of Memory: Some information skips the first two stages and enters long-term memory automatically n Since we cannot focus on all the sensory information received, we select information that is important to us and actively process it into our working memory: n n. A newer understanding of short-term memory that focuses on conscious, active processing of incoming auditory and visual-spatial information, and of information retrieved from long-term

Stages of Memory n Can you recite the second sentence of the Pledge of Allegiance? n While this may seem easy at first, upon reciting the pledge in your head, your working memory will inform you that it is actually only

Review n What is memory? n Identify and describe the 3 processes of memory. n Identify and describe the 3 stages of memory. n What was criticized about the Atkinson. Shiffrin Three-Stage Model of Memory? n What is working memory?

Homework n Research Study Response # 16: “Thanks for the Memories!” (Pgs. 117 -125)