Chapter 4 The Union in Peril Section 1

Chapter 4 The Union in Peril Section 1 The Divisive Politics of Slavery

Differences Between North and South n n South=Plantation Economy relied on the “peculiar institution” North= Industrialized Economy did not rely on slavery.

Slavery in the Territories…? n n n California’s population exploded and applied for statehood. California forbade slavery which went against the Missouri Compromise (any state south of Missouri would have slavery) The Compromise of 1850 California admitted as free states, and tougher fugitive slave laws. Allowed popular sovereignty for future states.

Protest, Resistance, and Violence n n Underground Railroad- secret network created to aid fugitive slaves. Harriet Tubman… Uncle Tom’s Cabin- Written to express how slavery is also a moral problem, abolistist got up in arms, slave owners felt attacked.

n Kansas and Nebraska- originally just Nebraska was split into two states (Kansas and Nebraska) Kansas would be closed to slavery Nebraska would not. But it was up to popular sovereignty. n n “Bleeding Kansas”people came from all over to vote in Kansas to support their ideas. Violence in the Senate- fistfights occurred in Senate due to the heated debates.

New Political Parties Emerge n n n Slavery Divides Whigs, which allows the Democrats to dominate politics. Free-Soilers’ Party- 3 rd party that opposed expansion of slavery and received 10% of votes. New Republican Party- had Anitslavery Whigs and Democrats, free-soilers, and nativist. Would be able to challenge democrats.

Conflicts Lead to Secession n Dred Scott Decisionslave brought to free state and believed he should be free, but supreme court claimed property is protected and slaves are property.

Southern Secession. South Carolina was first in 1860, felt they lost Lincoln vs. Douglas their political voice. Debates over slavery Mississippi, Florida, (we will read about Alabama, Georgia, this further) Louisiana, Texas all Lincoln is President- soon followed and stated he wanted to eventually formed the stop the spread of Confederacy. With their slavery but not touch own constitution, existing slavery. Jefferson Davis was elected president. n n n

Vocabulary Secession The formal withdrawal of a state from the Union. Popular Sovereignty The right to vote for or against slavery. Underground Railroad Secret network of people who would hide and help fugitive slaves. Harriet Tubman Famous underground railroad “conductor” Harriet Beecher Stowe Author Uncle Tom’s Cabin Franklin Pierce 1852 Democratic candidate for President. Dred Scott Former slave who unsuccessfully appealed to Supreme Court for freedom. Stephen Douglas 1860 Democratic candidate for President Abraham Lincoln 1850 Republic candidate for President. Confederacy Southern states that succeeded from the Union. Jefferson Davis 1 st President of the Confederacy.