Chapter 3 Systems Documentation Techniques Copyright 2012 Pearson

Learning Objectives Prepare and use data flow diagrams to understand, evaluate, and document information

Why Should You Learn Documentation? You need to be able to read documentation in

Data Flow Diagrams ﻧﻤﻮﺩﺍﺭ گﺮﺩﺵ ﺩﺍﺩﻫﺎ Graphically describes the flow of data within a

Entity Represents a source of data or input into the system or Represents a

Data Flows گﺮﺩﺵ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻫﺎ Movement of data among: ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﻫﻨﺪﻩ ﺣﺮکﺖ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻫﺎ

Data Store ﺫﺧیﺮﻩ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻫﺎ Represents data at rest Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education

Data Flow Diagram Levels Context ﻧﻤﻮﺩﺍﺭ ﺯﻣیﻨﻪ Highest level (most general) Purpose: show inputs

Flowcharts ﻧﻤﻮﺩﺍﺭ گﺮﺩﺵ ﻋﻤﻠیﺎﺕ Use symbols to logically depict transaction processing and the flow

Types of Flowcharts Document Illustrates the flow of documents through an organization Useful for

Document Flowchart Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education 3 -16

Copyright 2012 © Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall 3 -17

Document Flowchart (cont’d) Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education 3 -18

Copyright 2012 © Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall 3 -19

System Flowchart Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education 3 -20

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Program Flowchart Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education 3 -22

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Learning Objectives Prepare and use data flow diagrams to understand, evaluate, and document information systems. Prepare and use flowcharts to understand, evaluate, and document information systems. Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education 3 -2

Why Should You Learn Documentation? You need to be able to read documentation in all its forms: narratives, diagrams, models. ﻧیﺎﺯ ﺑﻪ ﻓﻬﻤیﺪﻥ ﺳیﺴﺘﻢ You need to be able to evaluate the quality of systems, such as internal control based in part on documentation. SAS 94 requires independent auditors to understand all internal control procedures. Documentation assists in auditor understanding and documentation of their understanding ﻣﺴﺘﻨﺪﺳﺎﺯی کﻤک ﻣیکﻨﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺭک ﺣﺴﺎﺑﺮﺳﺎﻥ ﺑﺮﺍی ﺑﻬﺘﺮ ﻣﺴﻨﺘﺪﺳﺎﺯ کﺮﺩﻥ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﺧﻮﺩ states that management: Is responsible for internal control system Is responsible for assessing the effectiveness of the IC System Both management and external auditors need to document and test IC System Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education 3 -4

Data Flow Diagrams ﻧﻤﻮﺩﺍﺭ گﺮﺩﺵ ﺩﺍﺩﻫﺎ Graphically describes the flow of data within a system Four basic elements Entity Data Flow ﺍﺑﺰﺍﺭﻫﺎی ﻧﻤﺎیﺶ ﻣﺒﺪﺍﺀ ﻭ ﻣﻘﺼﺪ ﺩﺍﺩﻫﺎ Process گﺮﺩﺵ ﺩﺍﺩﻫﺎ ﻓﺮﺍیﻨﺪﻫﺎی ﺗﺒﺪیﻞ Data Store Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education ﺫﺧیﺮﻩ ﺩﺍﺩﻫﺎ 3 -5

Data Flows گﺮﺩﺵ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻫﺎ Movement of data among: ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﻫﻨﺪﻩ ﺣﺮکﺖ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻫﺎ Entities (sources or destinations) Processes Data stores Label should describe the information moving Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education 3 -7

Data Flow Diagram Levels Context ﻧﻤﻮﺩﺍﺭ ﺯﻣیﻨﻪ Highest level (most general) Purpose: show inputs and outputs into system Characteristics: one process symbol only, no data stores ، یک ﺩﺍیﺮﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻭﺳﻂ Level-0 Purpose: show all major activity steps of a system Characteristics: processes are labeled 1. 0, 2. 0, and so on Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education 3 -10

Flowcharts ﻧﻤﻮﺩﺍﺭ گﺮﺩﺵ ﻋﻤﻠیﺎﺕ Use symbols to logically depict transaction processing and the flow of data through a system. یک ﺗکﻨیک ﺗﺤﻠیﻠی ﺑﺮﺍی ﺗﻮﺻیﻒ ﻣﻨﻄﻘی ﺻﺮیﺢ ﻭ ﺟﺎﻣﻊ ﺑﺮﺧی ﺟﻨﺒﻪ ﻫﺎی یک ﺳیﺴﺘﻢ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺗی ﺑکﺎﺭ ﻣیﺮﻭﺩ Using a pictorial representation is easier to understand explain versus a detailed narrative. Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education 3 -12

Types of Flowcharts Document Illustrates the flow of documents through an organization Useful for analyzing internal control procedures System Logical representation of system inputs, processes, and outputs Useful in systems analysis and design Program Represent the logical sequence of program logic Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education 3 -15