Chapter 14 The Height of Imperialism Section 1

Chapter 14 – The Height of Imperialism Section 1 – Colonial Rule in Southeast Asia

Chapter 14 Outline l All about colonies and imperialism by Europe to 4 different places l l Section 1: Section 2: Section 3: Section 4: Southeast Asia Africa India Latin America

Key Terms l l Imperialism – The extension of a nation’s power over other lands Protectorate – A political unit that depends on another govt. for its protection Indirect rule – Colonial govt. in which local rulers are allowed to maintain power/status Direct rule – Colonial govt. in which local elites are removed from power & replaced by people from the mother country

The New Imperialism l l l Started in 1800 s WHY start expanding to Southeast Asia (SEA)? 2 reasons – raw goods and markets l l l New way to build empires = abroad l l Raw goods = rubber, oil, tin, etc. Markets = people to sell manufactured goods to A new version of a very old idea A race for power in Europe How would Social Darwinism/Racism play in? A hidden 3 rd reason – religion/humanitarianism

Colonial Takeover in S. E. A. l l Gradualness (something we can learn from today!) GB l l l 1: Base on Singapore for steamships going to China 2: Burma (Myanmar) as a buffer for India France l l 1: Missionaries to Vietnam, which becomes a French protectorate 2: 1880 s, Laos, Tonkin, Annam, & Cambodia

The U. S. A. l l l Spanish-American War President: William Mc. Kinley – turns Spanish Philippines into U. S. colony Emilio Aguinaldo led independence movement, but lost 125 years later…here we were… Had we learned nothing from England? ? ?

Types of Colonial Regimes in S. E. A. l l Indirect rule: Convenient & cheap, but impossible when locals refused to accept colonial rule Direct rule: more tyrannical, but sometimes necessary

Colonial Economies l l l Remember: markets and raw goods Export-based economies Plantations with locals as slaves with high taxes from mother country (USA under England example)

The Exception - Thailand l l l Siam = only free state in S. E. A. Thanks to King Mongkut and his son, King Chulalongkorn Appeased West, so never taken over

Resistance to Colonial Rule l l l Peasant revolts (remember Aguinaldo? ? ) Nationalism All in all, it was the SAME OLD STORY! Different place, different time, same problems This is a persistent issue in history