Chapter 12 Foreign Affairs in the Young Nation

Chapter 12 Foreign Affairs in the Young Nation

C 12. 2 President Washington Creates a Foreign Policy Problems/Threats �British controlled Canada �British had forts on U. S. land (Ohio Valley) �Spain had Florida & Louisiana �France & Britain at war � Should U. S get involved?

Washington’s Policy �neutrality - don’t choose sides - don’t help France or Britain § isolationism - avoid alliances - keep to ourselves

C 12. 3 -4 Dilemma 1: What Should President Adams Do to Protect American Ships?

Problems �US & Britain signed Jay’s Treaty; end Ohio forts �France angry at US �French attack US merchant ships going to Britain �Adams sent 3 reps to France to talk peace �French demanded tribute ($) to talk; angered Americans �Congress prepared for war � recruited 10, 000 soldiers � built 12 ships � paid privateers to attack French ships

Actions �Adams against war �Sent peace mission to France �new French ruler Napoleon agreed to peace �U. S. & France ended alliance �Many Americans against peace with France �Adams lost reelection

C 12. 5 -6 Dilemma 2: How Should Pres. Jefferson Deal with Pirates?

Problems �Britain & France at war �Both attacked U. S. trade ships �Britain impressed American sailors �Pirates in N. Africa held merchant ships for ransom �U. S. paid tribute to keep ships safe �Tripoli (a Barbary state in N. Africa) demanded more $ and declared war on U. S

Actions �Jefferson sent warships -protect U. S. ships -attack Tripoli �U. S. & Tripoli signed treaty, end tribute �U. S. destroyed other pirate bases �Embargo Act (1807) ended trade to stop British & French attacks on ships - Americans lost jobs - repealed in 1809 - attacks continued

C 12. 7 -8 Dilemma 3: What Should President Madison Do to Protect Sailors and Settlers?

Problems � British & French attacking U. S. trade ships � British impressing Americans � Madison considered war � New Englanders & Federalists against war - trade with Britain § South & West favored war - Indians attacked settlers with British guns § War Hawks for war - want Canada - want to stand up to British

Actions (War of 1812) �Congress declared war on Britain (1812) �U. S. tried to take Canada; failed �British burned D. C. �British attacked Fort Mc. Henry; failed - Francis Scott Key wrote poem; later national anthem § U. S. defeated 7500 British at New Orleans § Peace treaty signed 2 weeks earlier (Treaty of Ghent, 1815)

Results - War of 1812 �Neither side won �Indian resistance weakened; leave Ohio �National pride grew �Federalist Party weakened �Two war generals later become presidents: � William Henry Harrison � Andrew Jackson

C 12. 9 -10 Dilemma 4: What Should President Monroe Do to Support the New Latin American Nations?

Problems �Miguel Hidalgo led Mexican Rev. against Spain � 1821 Mexico won independence �Simon Bolivar & Jose de San Martin led revolutions against Spain in South America � 1825, last Spanish troops left Latin America �U. S. supported revolutions �Some Europeans wanted to help Spain get land back �Monroe wondered

Actions �Monroe made speech to Congress �Announced his policy called “Monroe Doctrine” �Warned Europeans stay out of Latin America �U. S. would stop them �U. S. wanted to be dominant influence in Americas �Showed world U. S. was strong; confident