CANADA more information on http en wikipedia orgwikiCanada

CANADA more information on: http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Canada

COAT OF ARMS p The shield is divided into five sections with symbols of England, Scotland, Ireland, France and Canada. p The English lion and Scottish unicorn support the shield. p The motto of Canada is in Latin: “a mari usque ad mare“ and means “from sea to sea“ shield – štít; divide – rozdělit; unicorn – jednorožec

BASIC FACTS Capital: Ottawa (Ontario) Language: English, French Population: 32, 000 (32 million) Administration: ten provinces three territories Large cities: Toronto, Montreal, Vancouver Form of government: parliamentary democracy (constitutional monarchy) Head of state: Queen Elizabeth II Head of government: Prime Minister Member of the British Commonwealth of Nations Mount Logan image in the background

Provinces and Territories: Canada has 10 provinces and 3 territories: Alberta (Edmonton) British Columbia (Victoria) Prince Edward Island (Charlottetown) Manitoba (Winnipeg) New Brunswick (Fredericton) Nova Scotia (Halifax) Nunavut (Iqaluit) Ontario (Toronto) Quebec (Quebec City) Saskatchewan (Regina) Newfoundland Labrador (St. John's) The Northwest Territories (Yellowknife) The Yukon Territory (Whitehorse).

Toronto The Parliament of Canada Montreal Calgary (Alberta) the Olympic Games in 1988

PEOPLE Canadians are comprised of 28 percent British-Irish descendents, 23 percent French, 15 percent general European and the rest are mixed. Many citizens of Hong Kong immigrated to Canada, particularly the Vancouver area. Canada, mainly Quebec, is a bilingual country because English and French are spoken there. Native Canadians are Indians and Inuits (Eskimos sounds offensive). „Kanata“ , an Indian word for a settlement, gave the country its name.

GEOGRAPHY Canada occupies the northern part of the North American continent. It borders on the USA in the south, the Pacific Ocean and Alaska (USA) in the west, the Arctic Ocean in the north and the Atlantic Ocean in the east. Northern Canada reaches into the Arctic Circle. The climate ranges from the permanently frozen icecaps in the arctic north (-50°C/-58°F) to the lush vegetation of British Columbia´s west coast. Warm air from the Gulf of Mexico and cold air from the north meet above the central plains and create sudden weather changes. Canada encircles six time zones. The east is 3 hours and 30 minutes behind Greenwich Mean Time (GMT), the western Pacific Zone is 8 hours behind GMT. occupy – zabírat; border on – hraničit s; create – tvořit; sudden – náhlý;

GEOGRAPHY The Great Lakes on the border with the USA are the largest freshwater area in the world. Canada shares four of them with the USA: Lake Superior, Lake Huron, Lake Erie and Lake Ontario. Lake Michigan belongs to the USA. The largest lake is Great Bear Lake in the north-west. The St. Lawrence River provides a seaway for ship from the Great Lakes to the Atlantic Ocean. The longest river is the Mackenzie. The Horseshoe Fall is a Canadian name for Niagara Falls. It is to be found between Lake Ontario and Erie. Its height is 49 m and width about 1 km. freshwater – sladkovodní

GEOGRAPHY p Much of Canada is still wilderness with forests. The Rocky Mountains cover a major part of western Canada - British Columbia, The Yukon Territory, and the western part of Alberta. p The highest mountain is Mt Logan (5, 959 m/20, 320 feet) in the Yukon Territory. p The Prairie Provinces Manitoba, Saskatchewan, Alberta and British Columbia are agricultural areas with farms. p The east-central part of Canada are the provinces of Ontario and Quebec. They are densily populated industrial areas. p The provinces on the east coast are called The Maritime Provinces. p The territories are sparcely populated because of harsh living conditions. wildereness – divočina; rely – být odkázán; densily populated – hustě osídlený

TRANSPORTATION Stoney Creek Bridge in Rogers Pass (BC) Transportation is very important in this vast country. The Canadian Pacific Railway was finished in 1885 and cost lots of lives because of difficult terrain.

TRANSPORTATION Confederation Bridge connects Prince Eward Island to New Brunswick; its length is 13 km, width 11 m Trans-Canada Highway map The Trans-Canada Hihgway leads from the west to the east (BC – Newfoundland). Its length is 7, 821 km /4, 860 mi. more info on http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Trans-Canada_Highway

TRANSPORTATION Trans-Canada wildlife overpass

Trans-Canada Highway The start in Newfoundland. . . and the end in British Columbia.

ECONOMY Canada is one of the richest countries in the world. Canadian economy is based on agriculture, forestry, fishing and mineral industry. Canada exports: p wheat, furs, leather p timber, wood products (furniture) p petroleum, natural gas p iron ore, copper, nickel, coal, silver, uranium, gold p maple sirup, tinned salmon, fruit, potatoes p electronics, aircraft, textile, automobiles

ECONOMY Ontario and Quebec are the industrial center of Canada. The lower part of Ontario has very rich farm land, with many orchards and wine production. The maritime provinces of New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Prince Edward Island Newfoundland rely on fishing and natural resources such as timber. Prince Edward Island is also well known for its potatoes. The central prairies are vast fields of wheat and corn. orchard – sad; maritime - přímořský

HISTORY About 30, 000 years ago the first people arrived in this country crossing a land bridge from Siberia to Alaska. The descendants of these people are today's Eskimos and Inuits. Vikings were the first European who settled down here (about 1, 000 years ago). John Cabot was the next; he explored Canada's Atlantic coast (1497) and claimed the country for the English crown. Jacques Cartier (1534, for France) discovered the Gulf of St. Lawrence River and sailed up the river and reached Indian settlements in Quebec (Stadacona) and Montreal (Hochelega). The Treaty of Paris (1783) finished wars between the French and the English.

FAMOUS PEOPLE Alexander Graham Bell (1847 – 1922) was of Scottish origin, got married in England moved in American continent where he lived both in Canada and the USA. Bell was a scientist, inventor and innovator. He was awarded the first U. S. patent for the invention of the telephone in 1876. He also invented a phonograph and audiometer. Many other inventions marked Bell's later life including work in hydrofoils and aeronautics. Upon Bell's death, all telephones throughout the United States "stilled their ringing for a silent minute“. phonograph – gramofon; audiometer - přístroj k vyšetřování sluchu hydrofoil – křídlová loď; aeronautics – letectví; still - ztišit

Mario Lemieux SPORT Several of the sports played in Canada are taken from the first inhabitants or the early settlers. Lacrosse, adopted as Canada's national game, was played by Indians in all parts of the country and adopted by later immigrants. Ice hockey is also Canadian. It remains one of the most popular winter sports. The original teams of the National Hockey League, established in 1917, were all Canadian. The Canadian Football League (CFL) plays football only a little different from than of the United States. Wayne Gretzky

NATIONAL PARKS Canada maintains almost 40 national parks. Jasper National Park in Alberta is the largest national park in the Canadian Rockies. It includes glaciers, hot springs, waterfalls and a variety of animals like moose, deer, mountain goat, grizzly bear, black bear, beaver, grey wolf, mountain lion and wolverine.

NATIONAL PARKS Banff , founded in 1885, is the oldest. It stretches on the slopes of the Rockies in Alberta.

PLACES OF INTEREST The Bay of Fundy is known for its extremely high and quick tide. The sea level rises by 17 metres so quickly that a man is not fast enough to escape. The Bay is between New Brunswic and Nova Scotia on the north-east. The name "Fundy" comes from 16 th century when the Portuguese referred to the bay as "Rio Fundo" or "deep river".

dangerous terrain in the mountains

Mt Robson is the highest peak of the Canadian Rockies

FAUNA bear moose

caribou (reindeer) wolverine mountain lion

INTERESTING The border with the USA is the longest undefended border in the world. The Americans say: Canadian people don´t tip waiters very well. If you try to speak to them, they usually pretend you aren´t there. They aren´t much friendly. “

Questions 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. What is the capital of Canada? What Canadian provinces do you know? Is Alaska a Canadian province? What countries does Canada border with? What oceans are there west and east of Canada? What causes sudden weather changes in the Canadian interior? What parts of Canada are most populated? Are there any natural resources in Canada? Where do the Canadian grow wheat? How are Canadian orginal inhabitants called? What European travellers explored Canada in the past? Who invented the phone? What sport is popular in Canada? What famous hockey players do you know? Where is the fastest tide? Do you know any Canadian animals?