Artefacts of Living Lesson 2 a Theme 2

Artefacts of Living Lesson 2 a Theme 2, Unit 4, Le

Slide 2 Theme 2, Unit 4, Lesson 2 a Clay Artefact - 18 th Century - Pipe Cross Section Description: • Hollowed out circular stem with bowl • Bowl set at angle to long circular stem • Heel at junction of bowl and stem • Fired clay • Made in mould Dimensions: 7. 3 cm x 2 cm Function: A pipe for smoking tobacco Lifestyle Activity: Leisure Owner: Probably male/ senior 17 th Late 17 th Early 18 th Late 18 th 19 th Chronological Typology Through the Centuries Society: They smoked, had leisure time and had trade links with America

Slide 3 Theme 2, Unit 4, Lesson 2 a Antler Artefact - 13 th Century - Gaming Piece Description: • Circular disc • Decorated on top, with inner and outer circles Dimensions: 3 cm in diameter Function: • Gaming piece • Decorated to distinguish piece Lifestyle Activity: Relaxation Owner: Had leisure time Society: Had time for fun, used good craftsmanship

Slide 4 Theme 2, Unit 4, Lesson 2 a Bronze Artefact – 800 BC – Musical Horn Description: • S-shaped hollow bronze instrument. • Hand-cast in two pieces Decoration: • Ring attached Dimensions: 90 cm long Function: Musical instrument. Lifestyle Activity: Relaxation (or possibly religious or even war) Owner: Musician, taking part in clan/group festivals or celebrations Society: Had festivals and celebration, could play music, highly skilled bronze craftsmen

Slide 5 Theme 2, Unit 4, Lesson 2 a Shell Artefacts – 4500 BC - Necklaces Description: • Two necklaces made of seashells • Small seashells • Made hole in shells and strung them together on string of some sort Dimensions: 1. 56 m in length Function: Necklace Lifestyle Activity: Adornment Owners: Liked to adorn themselves Society: Made effort adorning themselves

Slide 6 Theme 2, Unit 4, Lesson 2 a Bronze Artefact – 600 BC – Bronze Cauldron Description: • Round bottomed pot • Hammered sheets of bronze riveted together Dimensions: Diameter 56 cm Function: Cooking/container – suspended by rings Lifestyle: Eating Owner: Communal use Society: Major celebrations or festivals

Theme 2, Unit 4, Lesson 2 a Animal Bone Artefact – 12 th Century AD - Comb Description: • Single rectangular bone comb with teeth • Top made up of two plates, one on either side of the teeth • Rivets held plates together • Plates decorated with carvings Dimensions: 15 cm long Function: For combing hair Lifestyle Activity: Hygiene/washing Owner: Personal grooming Society: Skilled craftsmen, personal hygiene important Slide 7

Slide 8 Theme 2, Unit 4, Lesson 2 a Gold Artefacts – 1, 200 BC - Earrings Description: • Circular gold earrings • Four-sided flanged gold rods twisted together • Rod was cast in mould, flanges (corners) hammered out, and then the rod twisted • The ear section is made up of thin circular gold wire Dimensions: 4 cm in diameter Function: Earrings Lifestyle Activity: Adornment Owner: Liked ornament, well-off Society: Skilled goldsmiths, gold important

Slide 9 Theme 2, Unit 4, Lesson 2 a Leather Artefact – 12 th Century – Leather Shoes Description: • Slipper-like leather shoes with full sole • Sole made of series of leather pieces with inset for heel • Upper part of shoe of soft leather Dimensions: 10 cm Function: Child’s shoe Lifestyle Activity: Dressing Owner: Owner young Society: Skilled leatherworkers, had animals/cured leather

Slide 10 Theme 2, Unit 4, Lesson 2 a Iron Artefact – 19 th Century Toaster Description: • D-Shaped frame with flat bars • Supported with an iron bar at the rear • D-shaped hook on top suggests it could be hung up • Little ledge at base of front Dimensions: c. 7 cm high Function: Toaster at open fire Lifestyle Activity: Eating Owner: Probably female Society: Had skilled blacksmiths

Slide 11 Theme 2, Unit 4, Lesson 2 a Wooden Artefact – 19 th Century – Butter Churn Description: • Large circular container made of wooden staves held together by circular metal hoops • Wooden lid on top with a small hole in centre • Slim stick through lid Dimensions: Height 1 m Function: Butter churn Lifestyle Activity: Food production, eating Owner: Made butter, made large quantities, dairy farmer Society: Used butter, traded, dairy cows important

Artefacts of Living Lesson 2 b Theme 2, Unit 4, Lesson 2 b

Theme 2, Unit 4, Lesson 2 b Slide 13 Moylough Belt Shrine, Moylough, Co. Sligo - 8 th Century AD Description: • Metal belt-shaped container • · Hinged metal plates, false buckle • Decorated with bird animal heads and glass settings Dimensions: Width 45 cm Function : Reliquary to contain belt of holy person Lifestyle Activity: Worship, pilgrimage

Theme 2, Unit 4, Lesson 2 b Slide 14 Bronze Bracelet, Ballymahon, Co. Meath - 2 nd Century AD Description: • Circular bronze coil bracelet • Decorated with bird like triskel at junction of Y Dimensions: Diameter 9. 9 cm Function: Ornament/jewellery Lifestyle Activity: Adornment

Slide 15 Theme 2, Unit 4, Lesson 2 b Bronze Handbell, Castle Island, Lough Lene, Co. Westmeath - 9 th Century AD Description: • Bronze hand bell • Rectangular in section • Handle on top Dimensions: 33. 9 cm Function: Hand bell Lifestyle Activity: Worship

Slide 16 Theme 2, Unit 4, Lesson 2 b Bronze Sword, Ballyharney, Co. Westmeath – 900 – 700 BC Description: • Long cast-bronze sword • Leaf-shaped blade • Decorated with grooved line parallel to blade Dimensions: Length 76 cm Function: Weapon- defence/attack Lifestyle Activity: Warfare/worship

Slide 17 Theme 2, Unit 4, Lesson 2 b Carved Stone Head, Drumeague, Corleck, Co. Cavan - Early Iron Age – 100 - 200 AD Description: • 3 sided stone carved head • Hole in base • Bossed eyes, broad nose and slit mouth Dimensions: Height 33 cm Function: Worship Lifestyle Activity: Worship

Slide 18 Theme 2, Unit 4, Lesson 2 b Derrynaflan Hoard, Derrynaflan, Co. Tipperary 8 th - 9 th Century AD Group of Altar Vessels: Silver Chalice, Silver Paten or dish with Stand, Strainer-ladle and a copper-alloy Basin Chalice Description: • Container on stand with handles • Hammered and spun silver • Handles rim and stem ornamented - gold and amber studs • Ornament Techniques: engraving; casting; filigree; enamelling stamping Dimensions: Height 19. 2 cm Function: Altar vessel Lifestyle Activity: Christian worship

Theme 2, Unit 4, Lesson 2 b Kite Brooch, Co. Limerick - Early 10 th Century Description: • Lozenge/Kite-shaped brooch • Silver • Decorated with interlace Dimensions: Head 7. 9 cm Function: Brooch Lifestyle Activity: Adornment Slide 19

Theme 2, Unit 4, Lesson 2 b Slide 20 Gold Lunula, Co. Kerry - Early Bronze Age - c. 2, 000 BC Description: • Crescent-shaped collar • Thin sheets hammered gold • Decorated in symmetrical pattern of incised lines Dimensions: Width 22. 6 cm Function: Neck collar Lifestyle Activity: Adornment

Slide 21 Theme 2, Unit 4, Lesson 2 b Bronze Horse Bits, Attymon, Co. Galway - Early Iron Age - 2 nd Century AD Description: • Bronze horse bits • Decorated with fine cast lines in relief • Bit piece splayed and decorated Dimensions: Length 31. 8 cm Function: Part of horse harness Lifestyle Activity: Horse riding, transport

Slide 22 Theme 2, Unit 4, Lesson 2 b Ivory Chess-piece, Co. Meath - Late 12 th Century AD Description: • Chess piece • Hand carved out of walrus tusk Dimensions: Height 7. 25 cm Function: Part of game Lifestyle Activity: Recreation

Slide 23 Theme 2, Unit 4, Lesson 2 b Pottery ‘Knight’ Jug, High Street, Dublin - 13 th Century AD Description: • Ceramic jug • Wheel turned • External green glaze • Made at Redcliff, Bristol • Three spouts • Decorated scrolls, armed knights & monkeys Dimensions: Height 33. 5 cm Function: Wine jug Lifestyle Activity: Recreation / trading / craftsmanship

Slide 24 Theme 2, Unit 4, Lesson 2 b Pottery Vessel, Baunogenasraid, Co. Carlow Neolithic c. 3, 500 - 3, 400 BC Description: • Hand-made pottery vessel • Decorated with incised concentric lines • Rim projects inwards Dimensions: Height 6. 8 cm Function: Container Lifestyle Activity: Worship, ‘foodfor-the-dead’

Slide 25 Theme 2, Unit 4, Lesson 2 b Processional Cross, Bell & Candlestick, Sheephouse, Co. Meath - c. 1500 AD Description: • Processional Cross • Hand Bell • Candlestick Dimensions: Height of cross 62. 6 cm Function: Altar furnishings Lifestyle Activity: Christian worship

Theme 2, Unit 4, Lesson 2 b Shrine of St. Lachtin’s Arm, Donaghmore, Co. Cork - c. 1120 AD Description: • Armed shaped reliquary • Wood covered with cast and engraved bronze plates • Fingers cast in a single piece • Decorated with engraved interlace, and animal and plant motifs • Inscribed with names of Kings of Cashel and Munster (probably patrons of the shrine) Dimensions: Height 39 cm Function: Reliquary/shrine Lifestyle Activity: Worship Slide 26

Slide 27 Theme 2, Unit 4, Lesson 2 b Stone Beads & Pendants, Carrowkeel, Co. Sligo Neolithic 3, 500 – 2, 800 BC Description: • Small, shaped stones • Perforated at one end • Local and imported stones • Found in Carrowkeel Passage Tomb Dimensions: Max length 3 cm Function: Necklace/pendants Lifestyle Activity: Adornment, worship

Theme 2, Unit 4, Lesson 2 b Trumpet, Loughnashade, Co. Armagh Iron Age - c. 1 st Century AD Description: • Two curved tubes of bronze riveted along edge • Circular disc head • Disc decorated using repousse technique in La Tène style Dimensions: Length 186. 7 cm Function: Music/loud noise Lifestyle Activity: Recreation/war/worship/ceremonial Slide 28

Slide 29 Theme 2, Unit 4, Lesson 2 b The Loughmoe Brooch, Loughmoe, Co. Tipperary Late 8 th/Early 9 th Century AD Description: • Silver penannular brooch • Decorated gold filigree and large amber studs Dimensions: Length 24. 3 cm Function: Brooch Lifestyle Activity: Adornment/craftsmanship

Slide 30 Theme 2, Unit 4, Lesson 2 b Broighter Hoard, Co. Derry Iron Age - 1 st Century AD Hoard, found in lake, consists of miniature boat, bowl, two necklaces and a collar Boat Description: • Model of boat with oars, seats, rowlocks, steering oar and mast • Made from beaten gold sheets Dimensions: Length 19. 6 cm Function: Model Lifestyle Activity: Worship/ceremonial

Slide 31 Theme 2, Unit 4, Lesson 2 b Miniature Vases (Pygmy Cups), Greenhills, Co. Dublin and Dunleckny, Co. Carlow - Bronze Age - 2, 000 - 1, 800 BC Greenhills Dunleckny Description: • Small hand-made ceramic vessels • Decorated with a variety of designs • Found in cist grave accompanying a cremation Dimensions: Height- Greenhills 7. 6 cm; Dunleckny 5. 5 cm Function: Container Lifestyle Activity: Burial/ceremonial/craftsmanship

Slide 32 Theme 2, Unit 4, Lesson 2 b Pair of Bronze Spoons, Unlocated Early Iron Age - c. 1 st and 2 nd Century AD Description: • Pair of bronze spoons • Decorated with incised compassdrawn designs Dimensions: Length- 14. 4 cm Function: Spoons Lifestyle Activity: Eating/ritual/ceremonial