AP Psychology Unit 1 History and Approaches Part

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AP Psychology Unit 1: History and Approaches Part One: History ANCIENT GREECE…UNTIL NOW

AP Psychology Unit 1: History and Approaches Part One: History ANCIENT GREECE…UNTIL NOW

What is Psychology? The science of behavior (what we do) and mental processes (sensations,

What is Psychology? The science of behavior (what we do) and mental processes (sensations, perceptions, dreams, thoughts, beliefs, and feelings)

Psychology’s Roots Prescientific Psychology Philosophical Ideas… § Is the mind connected to the body

Psychology’s Roots Prescientific Psychology Philosophical Ideas… § Is the mind connected to the body or distinct? § Are ideas inborn or is the mind a blank slate filled by experience?

Philosophical Thought… Are mind and body connected? Connected Aristotle (384 -322) St. Augustine (354

Philosophical Thought… Are mind and body connected? Connected Aristotle (384 -322) St. Augustine (354 -430 AD) Separate Socrates (469 -399 BC) Plato (424 -348 BC) Descartes (1596 -1650) Why do you think this philosophical inquiry shaped the development of psychological thought?

Psychology’s Roots § Psychological Science Is Born § Empiricism § Knowledge comes from experience

Psychology’s Roots § Psychological Science Is Born § Empiricism § Knowledge comes from experience via the senses § Science flourishes through observation and experiment § http: //youtu. be/Cn. PFb 0 Nyme 8 What would non-empirical evidence look like and what might the consequences be?

Another Question: Innate vs. Learned • If knowledge is innate • What is the

Another Question: Innate vs. Learned • If knowledge is innate • What is the purpose of education? • Can intellect be changed by experience? • John Locke: The mind as a “blank slate” or “tabula rasa” (also know as) Nature vs. Nurture the relative contribution that genes and experience make to development of psychological traits and behaviors

WILHELM WUNDT: The birth of modern psychology § Wilhelm Wundt (1832 -1920) § Opened

WILHELM WUNDT: The birth of modern psychology § Wilhelm Wundt (1832 -1920) § Opened first psychology laboratory at Univ. of Liepzig § (c. 1879) o wrote the first psychology textbook o applied laboratory techniques to study of the mind o structuralism - identify ‘atoms’ of the mind

Wundt and Titchener Structuralism and Introspection § Structuralism used introspection (looking in) to explore

Wundt and Titchener Structuralism and Introspection § Structuralism used introspection (looking in) to explore the elemental structure of the human mind • Edward Titchener (18671927) o Wundt’s student, professor at Cornell University http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=l. Wv 3 t. QUY-9 k

William James and Functionalism (1842 -1910) - Started psychology at Harvard in 1870 s

William James and Functionalism (1842 -1910) - Started psychology at Harvard in 1870 s - Opposed Wundt and Titchener’s approach Functionalism - Influenced by Darwin to focus on how behaviors help us adapt to the environment

Psychological Pioneers (The Ladies) Mary Whiton Calkins was an American philosopher and psychologist. Calkins

Psychological Pioneers (The Ladies) Mary Whiton Calkins was an American philosopher and psychologist. Calkins was also the first woman to become president of the American Psychological Association, . (James’ tutee, 1890) Margaret Floy Washburn, leading American psychologist in the early 20 th century, was best known for her experimental work in animal behavior and motor theory development. She was the first woman to be granted a Ph. D in psychology. (1905)

Darwin and Evolution • Charles Darwin (1809 -1882) • Theory of natural selection (1859)

Darwin and Evolution • Charles Darwin (1809 -1882) • Theory of natural selection (1859) o physical characteristics evolve through natural selection o behavioral patterns also influence selection • Darwin’s theory encouraged scientific inquiry

IMPORTANT PEOPLE IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF PSYCHOLOGY • Alfred Binet (1857 -1911) o French

IMPORTANT PEOPLE IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF PSYCHOLOGY • Alfred Binet (1857 -1911) o French intelligence researcher o developed first intelligence test • Ivan Pavlov (1849 -1936) o Russian physiologist o discovered conditioned reflexes • B. F. Skinner (1904 -1990) o American psychologist at Harvard o studied learning and effect of reinforcement o behaviorism • Sigmund Freud (1856 -1939) o Austrian physician that focused on illness o psychoanalytic theory of mental disorders

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