Unit 1 Approaches and History of Psychology Psychological

Unit 1 Approaches and History of Psychology

Psychological Needs are things like love, comfort, security Physiological Needs are physical Needs are things you have to have like food, water, sleep. 2

4 Goals of Psychology: 1. Description: The kid at the candy aisle is having a melt down. 2. Explanation: He wants the pretty candy 3. Prediction: He will get the candy 4. Control: Wal-Mart knows that moms have already lost patience with their kids by the time they get to the checkout line so they put the candy there to get the kids to wear mom down to buy the candy. 3

History of Psychology Aristotle and Plato (384 -322 BCE. ) Started asking how the mind and the body were related? ? Were the separate or related? ? §Are ideas inborn or is the mind a blank slate filled by experience? en. wikipedia. org The Greeks 4

Rene Descartes “I think therefore I am” Dualism: the concept of the mind and body are separate and distinct. (Descartes) plato. stanford. edu 5 http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=Ba. KLrqx. C 70 c

Charles Darwin (1809 -1882) Theory of natural selection (1859) Darwin’s theory encouraged scientific inquiry Very controversial 6

Who’s Your Daddy? ? ? Wilhelm Wundt is the father of Psychology 2 Things to know about “the daddy”: 1. Changed psychology from a philosophy to a science. 2. Studied introspection. Introspection means looking within yourself. How do you feel about this or that. How does that rose make you feel? http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=l. Wv 3 t. QUY-9 k 7

Wilhelm Wundt Structuralism vs. Broke down consciousness to basic thoughts. Introspection - self-observation of one’s own conscious experiences Functionalism Investigate the function, or purpose of consciousness rather than its structure James thought that we developed useful habits, such as washing our hands before eating because they help us function more effectively in our daily lives. http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=s. TD 3 Nx. Uy. Pvs William James 8 (1842 -1910)

William James What? Psychology has two daddies? Yes, one is its American Daddy. William James is known as the Father of American Psychology. He wrote the 1 st Psychology Book and was the Father of Functionalism. 9

Gestalt Psychology “The whole is different than the sum of its parts. ” The experience that comes from organizing bits and pieces of information into meaningful wholes alexbinetti. wordpress. com 10

Can you read this? This is bcuseae the huammn mnid deos not raed ervey lteter by istlef, but the word as a wlohe. Amzanig, huh?

What is it? ? We like to fill in the gaps so that we see objects as wholes. 12

Contemporary Approaches 13

Use the Contemporary Approaches this scenario to describe how you would evaluate and treat The Hulk Problem: The hulk is constantly suffering from explosions of anger.

Psychodynamic Psychology pg. 18 Sigmund Freud: Father of Psychoanalysis NOT psychology!!!! It began with Freud Human behaviour is influenced by unconscious motives and inner conflicts. Unconscious are motives that you are not aware of. For instance if someone with brown hair rejects you, then you might not talk to people with that color hair. Conscious are motives that you are aware of. 15

Psychoanalytic Psychology pg. 18 Study of unconscious motives and conflicts that determine behavior. Freud used the technique called free association He would say a word and you would say the first word that popped in your head and he would then analysis what is going on in your unconscious. 16 http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=Zz 80 y. Yvn. Wg 4

Psychodynamic?

Behavioral Approach B. F. Skinner John Watson (1878 -1958) Scientific Psychology should focus on observable behaviour. http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=P 4 Rb 9 n_s. QDg&feature=related 18 Ivan Pavlov

Behavioral Approach

Cognitive Approach Cognition is the mental processes involved in acquiring, processing, storing & using information - Developed by Piaget - Suggests that the mind works like a computer. Behaviour is influenced by thought processes. Example: Is your boyfriend dumping you traumatic or do you just think it is therefore you are depressed? child-development-guide. com 20 sciencedaily. com

Cognitive Approach 21

Cognitive Approach JEAN PIAGET 1896 – 1980 Worked in France administering Binet’s IQ test. Children do not think like adults. Why? Created 4 stages of cognitive ability that accurately explain the behavior of children. Influenced teachers and school system. 22

Cognitive 23

Biological Approach Focuses on how behaviour is influenced by physiological, genetic or evolutionary needs Sample Issues • Depression and antidepressants. • How are messages transmitted within the body? • How is blood chemistry linked with moods & motives? 24

Biological?

Social-Cultural Approach Focuses on how behavior and thinking vary across situations and cultures. Sample Issues • How are we, as members of different races and nationalities, alike as members of one human family? • How do we differ, as products of different social contexts? • Why do people sometimes act differently in groups than when alone? 26

Socio-culutural?

Humanistic Approach You have the potential to be great! Self Actualization Feel Good approach Client Centered Therapy Hierarchy of needs Carl Rogers believed in “client centered therapy” Abraham Maslow came up with the Hierarchy of needs 28

Humanistic?

Fields of Psychology Psychologist is someone who is trained to observe and influence behavior in people. Psychiatrist is a medical doctor that can prescribe medicine. 30

Psychology’s Subfields Psychometrics Basic Research Developmental psychology Educational psychology Personality psychology Social psychology

Psychology’s Subfields Applied Research Industrial/organizational psychology Human factors psychology Counseling psychology Clinical psychology Psychiatry

Psychology’s Big Debate Nature Versus Nurture Where you born that way or did your environment make you that way? Superman?

Tips for Studying Psychology SQ 3 R Survey, Question, Read, Rehearse, Review. Study Tips Distribute your study time Learn to think critically In class, listen actively Overlearn Be a smart test-taker

Homework: #1. Go to: http: //collegesearch. collegeboard. com/apcredi tpolicy/index. jsp Pick three colleges you are interested in and find out what you need to make on your AP exam to get credit. On one of your choices research how much a 3 credit class it. #2