ACCORDING TO THE LOCALIZATION NATURAL DISASTERS ARE DIVIDED

ACCORDING TO THE LOCALIZATION NATURAL DISASTERS ARE DIVIDED INTO: lithospheric(eruption of volcanoes, earthquakes, landslides, mud flows); hydrospheric(floods, snow avalanches, storms); atmospheric (hurricanes, thundershowers, icestorm, lightning).

if you don’t run out from home, you can be injured from wreckages - the furniture could fall on you; If you’re being indoors: immediately to find a safe place in the home (under the frame beams, the doorway near the internal capital wall); If you’re being in the street: you must choose a place away from building.

MEASURES TO PROTECT AND REDUCE THE IMPACT OF VOLCANIC ACTIVITY : creation of artificial river-bed for lava flows; building of dikes for cooling of lava streams by water.

Classes of landslide include: 1) Rockfalls, which are characterized by free-falling rocks from overlying cliffs. 2) Slider and avalanches a displacement of overburden due to shear failure a structural feature. If the displacement occurs in surface material without total deformation it is called a slump. 3) Flows and lateral spreads, which occur in recent unconsolidated material associated with a shallow water table.

A COMPOSITION MUDFLOW OF HARD MATERIAL CAN BE DIVIDED ON: mud (a mixture of water and soil, unit weight is 1, 5 -2 t/m 3); mud-stoned (mixture of water, gravel and small stones, unit weight 2, 1 -2, 5 t/m 3); water-stoned (a mixture of water with large stones, unit weight 1, 1 -1, 5 t/m 3).

MEASURES OF PREVENTION OF LANDSLIDES: taking of surface-water artificial transformation of relief (load diminishing on slopes) fixing of slope by use blocks supporting.

Two types of flooding can be: 1) Land-borne floods, or river flooding, caused by excessive run-off brought on by heavy rains. It may be expected (in the spring), to occur at irregular interval on all stream and rivers, settlement of floodplain areas is a major cause of flood damages. 2) Sea-borne flooding, or coastal flooding, caused by storm surges often exacerbated by storm run-off from the upper watershed.

Basic wet flood-proofing measures for a residential structure Basic dry flood-proofing measures for a residential structure (Source: Linham and Nicholls, 2010)

BASIC DIRECTIONS OF FIGHT AGAINST FLOODS: planting of shelter-belts ploughing of soil across a slope preservation of riparian vegetation strips building of the slopes terraces arranging of dikes landscape reclamative measures.

FLOODING SAFETY TIPS: received a warning about flooding, go to a safe place - on the hill; if you are in the water, you must reset the heavy clothes and shoes, use floating means and wait for help.

HURRICANES SAFETY TIPS: should be tightly shut doors, windows; in buildings to keep away from windows; the safest places during a hurricane are basements, repositories, subways and apartments of houses ground floors; an open area, the best find shelter in hollow (hole ravine, ditch); should not to stand under separate trees should not approach overhead power lines.

Causes of fires: 1. Humans can cause fires, by leaving their camp fires going. 2. If heat, fuel, and oxygen get mixed it’s called a fire triangle. 3. Lightning could hit houses or trees and cause fires. 4. Sparks from lighters can cause fires.

BASIC MEASURES OF FIGHT AGAINST FIRES: backfilling of fire by earth; inundation water (by chemicals); a mineralized firebreak streak; to use a backfire.

Ш Macro organisms (plants and animals) Ш Pathogenic microorganisms (agents of infectious diseases - bacteria, viruses, fungi, spirochaetes)

overhead respiratory tracts (by air); gastrointestinal tract (droplet); penetration in blood (mainly by bloodsucker parasites); skin and mucous membrane.

Prophylactic vaccinations in order to prevent the spread of such diseases as tuberculosis, poliomyelitis, diphtheria, whooping-cough, stupor and measles shall be mandatory in Ukraine

Thank you for attention!