1914 1918 World War 1 Mr Apel Adapted

1914 -1918: World War 1 Mr. Apel Adapted from Ms. Pojer

Causes of the War

Causes of the War w Militarism: A practice of having and using a strong military. w Alliances: Competition caused European countries to make alliances with each other. w Imperialism: Strong Europeans nations looking to take as much territory as possible. w Nationalism: Intense pride for nations causes competition for territory & power between countries.

1. Militarism A policy of glorifying military power and keeping a standing army so that your country will always be prepared for war. 1910 -1914 (before the war begun) Increase in Defense Expenditures. France 10% Britain 13% Russia 39% Germany 73%

2. The Alliance System Triple Entente: Triple Alliance: Britain Germany If one gets attack the others will have their back France Austria-Hungary Russia Italy

2. The Alliance System Allied Powers: Central Powers: Britain Germany Serbia France Austria-Hungary Russia Ottoman-Empire Italy

3. Imperialism Competition for resources and colonies creates tension between European nations.

4. Nationalism: The belief that people should be loyal mainly to their nation and have patriotic feeling, principles, pride or put forth effort into one’s nation or country.

The “Spark”

The Balkans, 1914 The “Powder Keg” of Europe w Archduke Franz Ferdinand was the leader of Austria-Hungary. w He wanted to take over a territory called Bosnia which is location in the Balkan region. w This land belonged to a separate country called Serbia.

The Balkans, 1914 The “Powder Keg” of Europe • Austria-Hungary annexes Bosnia without the permission of Serbia. • Serbia feared that the A-H empire was getting to powerful. • Serbia provides weapons to assassins of the black hand organization. Both parties want Ferdinand dead.

Archduke Franz Ferdinand & His Family

The Assassination: Sarajevo, Bosnia Archduke Franz Ferdinand Shot Dead Archduke Franz Ferdinand traveled down Sarajevo, Bosnia to inspect their new armed forces. The Black Hand & 7 assassins were waiting for his arrival. Their original plan was foiled; however one (Gavrilo Princip) was able to kill the Archduke by coincidence.

The Assassin: Gavrilo Princip

Who’s To Blame?

The Schlieffen Plan German Operation: Schlieffen Plan, 1914 Goal: Knock France out in 42 days Consequence : Britain joined war

Mobilization w. Home by Christmas! w. No major war in 50 years! w. Nationalism!

Recruitment Posters

France 8, 400, 000 Russia 12, 000 Britain 8, 900, 000 Germany 11, 000 Austria-Hungary 7, 800, 000

Financing the War Government Bonds

French Women Factory Workers

German Women Factory Workers

Russian Women Soldiers

The Western Front: A “War of Attrition”

Trench Warfare

Trench Warfare “No Man’s Land”

America Joins the Allies!

The Sinking of the Lusitania

The Sinking of the Lusitania w Germany warns U. S. not to send merchant ships, but we do it anyway. w Germany blows up the Lusitania, thinking it’s a merchant ship even though it was for British & American passengers. w 1200 people die & America gets involved in WW 1

The Zimmerman Telegram

The Zimmerman Telegram w Germany asks Mexico to join as their ally. w They were to keep America “busy” so they wouldn’t join the fighting in Europe. w U. S. Intercepts the telegram on the way to Mexico w This helps the U. S. decide to join the war in Europe. w Mexico does not join the war.

WWI: Industrial War… New Technology

French Renault Tank

U-Boats

The Airplane “Squadron Over the Brenta” Max Edler von Poosch, 1917

Flame Throwers Grenade Launchers

Poison Gas Machine Gun

President Woodrow Wilson’s 14 Points w Speech given to congress by the U. S. president that outlined how the world should work after WW 1 ended in order to keep the peace. w General/Important points: – – – No Secret Treaties The Sea/Ocean is international Removal of economic all tariffs Reduction of weapons Reduction of colonialism

11 a. m. , November 11, 1918 The Armistice is Signed!

World War I Casualties 37 Millions total casualties 8. 5 Million Dead

Treaty of Versailles w France, Britain, Russia, USA, and other nations, Not including Germany, met to decide Germany’s fate after WWI. w w Took land away from Germany dismantled their army Germany had to take the blame Germany had to pay $33 Billion for the war.

AFTERMATH End of the large empires: German Austria-Hungary Ottoman Russian New countries formed Poland Czechoslovakia Global political organization League of Nations, precursor to United Nations: USA Never joined Imperialism continues Mandate system continues European colonial hegemony Global Economic Depression Hyper-inflation in Germany exacerbated by US depression