1 The Definition of Fertilizer Natural or artificial

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The Definition of Fertilizer � Natural or artificial substance containing chemical elements that improve growth and productivity of plants. � Modern chemical fertilizers include one or more of the three elements most important in plant nutrition: Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Potassium. � The second important Nutrients are : Sulfur, Magnesium, and Calcium. 2

Why Plants need Fertilizer? Plants depend on nutrients in the soil to provide the basic chemicals for these metabolic reactions. • The use of synthetic fertilizers has significantly improved the quality and quantity of the food available today. • 3

The Nitrogen Cycle 4

Discovered Nitrogen fertilizer The Haber Process: 1)Combines Nitrogen from the air with Hydrogen derived mainly from natural gas (Methane)into Ammonia. 2)The reaction is reversible. 3) The production of Ammonia is exothermic. 5

The Benefits of Nitrogen fertilizer �The primary components in fertilizers are nutrients which are vital for plant growth. �Nitrates are known to be essential components for making protein in plants. �Plants use Nitrogen in the synthesis of proteins, nucleic acids. 6

Negative effects of Nitrogen fertilizer � Nitrogen at higher levels causes a loss of certain plant species, depletion of soil nutrients, death of fish and aquatic organisms, and contamination of drinking water. � When plants are nitrogen deficient, they are marked by reduced growth and yellowing of leaves. 7

Types of Nitrogen ferttilizer Urea contains 45% to 46% Nitrogen. Urea is a solid that is granulated before applying. 2. Anhydrous ammonia, which contains 82% nitrogen it is one of the most commonly used Nitrogen fertilizers because it has a higher concentration of Nitrate and is lower in cost. 1. Urea 8

Types of Nitrogen ferttilizer 3 - Ammonium nitrate contains 34% nitrogen. It is a 50 -50 mix of Ammonium and Nitrate Nitrogen. 4 - Ammonium Sulfate contains only 21% Nitrogen. It is applied as a dry form with no Nitrogen loss through volatilization. 9

The Problem! What is the best amount of Nitrogen fertilizer we can add to plants? 10

Hypothesis Not all amount of Nitrogen fertilizer is suitable for plants. 11

Methodology 1 -Prepare the pots, fill it with the same soil weight(738)gram. 12

Methodology 2 -Seven Pea Seeds were planted in each pot, For 12 Days and irrigated as needed. 13

Methodology 3 -Six treatments were Done , Nitrogen fertilizer were added in different weight (0, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6)g. 14

Methodology 4 - Nitrogen fertilizer was dissolved in 100 ml of distilled water. 15

Methodology 5 - Nitrogen fertilizer solutions were added to the Soil. 16

Methodology 6 -The Treatments were made in triplicate. 17

Methodology 7 -Observe and record the growth of plants per day with the addition of water in equal amount. Click here to see Click the video me! 18

Methodology 8 -Measure and record the length of the Stalk Average Length of stalk in (cm) date 6 g 5 g 4 g 3 g 2 g 0 g 0 0 0 15/4 0 0 0. 9 17/4 0 0 0. 7 0. 5 0 1 18/4 0 0 1. 75 0. 96 0. 5 1. 36 19/4 0 0 2. 73 1. 63 1 2. 13 20/4 0 0 5. 13 3. 22 2. 2 4. 4 22/4 0 0 6. 4 5. 28 2. 7 5. 11 24/4 0 0 8 6. 88 4 5. 74 27/4 19

Results 9 Length of the stalk in cm 8 7 6 0 g 5 2 g 4 3 g 4 g 3 5 g 2 6 g 1 0 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 DATE 20

Notes 1 -The beginning of the growth in pots that does not contain fertilizer. 2 -The growth of plants in all pots variably. 3 -Observed the quality of each of the stalk length and diameter , surface area of the leaves and the number of branches in the pots which contain (4 g/100 ml). 4 -Did notice the growth in pots which contain(5 g), (6 g) nitrogen fertilizer. 21

Conclusion Nitrogen fertilizer should be added to the soil in a certain amount, taking into account: 1 - Type of plant. 2 -Soil conditions. 3 -Type of fertilizer. 22

Recommendations Based of the results of the research, we recommended the farmers to: 1 - Use the right percentage of Nitrogen fertilizer. 2 -Use the suitable Nitrogen fertilizer to suit the type of plants , and the nature of the soil. 3 -Further research need, Find ways to reduce the impact of nitrogen fertilizer on groundwater. 23

References Books 1 -Rao, N. S. Biofertilizers in Agriculture & Forestry. IBH, 1993. 2 -Stocchi, E. Industrial Chemistry. Ellis Horwood, 1990. Lowrison, George. Fertilizer Technology. John Wiley and Sons, 1989. Periodicals Kirschner, Elisabeth. "Fertilizer Makers Gear up to Grow. " Chemical & Engineering News, March, 31 1997, p. 13 -15. [Article by: Perry Romanowski] 24