1 CST092 Beginning Computer Windows Concepts Computer Concepts

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CST-092 Beginning Computer Windows Concepts Computer Concepts Getting Started Lecture 1: Computer Concepts 2

What is a Computer? • A machine that computes. • An electronic system that – – accepts data, processes data, reports data, and stores data. 3

The Microcomputer • Hardware – Physical components of a computer system. • Software – Programs or instructions that direct the operations of the computer. 4

Information Processing Cycle • INPUT: – The method of getting information into the computer. – The process of entering and translating data into a form the computer can understand. 3 4 5

Information Processing Cycle • PROCESSING: – Performing a calculation or logical operation on the information. – Turning raw data into meaningful 3 4 information. 7 3 + 4 = 7 6

Information Processing Cycle • OUTPUT: – The method of getting data out of the computer. – Translating machine-readable code into a form readable by humans. 7 The sum of 3 and 4 is 7. 3 4 7 7

Information Processing Cycle • STORAGE: – Storing data for future use. 347 34 7 8

INPUT --The Keyboard Indicator Lights Escape Key Spacebar Typewriter Keys Arrow Keys Numeric Keypad 9

INPUT --The Keyboard Tab Backspace Print Screen Insert Caps Lock Alternate Keys Shift Keys Control Keys Enter Delete 10

INPUT --The Mouse 11

INPUT --The Mouse Clicking Double-Clicking 12

INPUT --The Mouse Dragging 13

INPUT --The Mouse Right-Clicking 14

Processing – The System Unit • Main Memory • a. k. a. Primary Memory • a. k. a. RAM 3 4 RAM = Random Access Memory Programs and Data are in RAM! 15

BIT • Binary dig. IT -- Two Values: 0 & 1 • Smallest piece of data that can be recognized and used by a computer. ON OFF =1 =0 16

Byte • a group of 8 bits • can hold a character – Alphabetic Letter (UPPER or lower case) – Numbers – Special Characters ($, @, !, (, *, ), &, etc. ASCII • Code used in microcomputers • American Standard Code for Information Interchange 17

DELTA in 5 Bytes of RAM: 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 D 0100 E 0100 0101 L 0100 1100 T 0101 0100 A 0100 0001 18

Memory Measurements • Kilobyte – 1 K or 1 Kb or 1 KB = 1, 000 bytes – (1, 024 bytes) 640 K = 640, 000 bytes • Megabyte – 1 M or 1 Mb or 1 MB = 1, 000 bytes – (1, 048, 576 bytes) 4 M = 4, 000 bytes 19

Data and Software in RAM 3 NUM 1 4 7 NUM 2 SUM = NUM 1 + NUM 2 PROGRAM 1 20

Central Processing Unit - CPU Arithmetic Logic Unit Control Unit • Traffic Cop • What’s Next? Arithmetic Logic Unit-ALU • Arithmetic + Addition Subtraction * Multiplication / Division • Logic < > = Less Than Greater Than Equal 21

Output The SUM of 3 + 4 is 7 22

Auxiliary Storage Secondary Storage DISKETTE 3. 5” 1. 44 Mb HARD DISK C: A: 20 Mb to Billion+ FLASH DRIVE F: or G: or… 100 Mb + + + 23

Hardware Summary INPUT CPU Main Memory OUTPUT Auxiliary Storage 24

SOFTWARE Hardware System Software Application Software Systems Software • Initializes Computer (BOOT) USER • Interfaces with user and application • Coordinates system resources 25