091516 What do you think will happen to

• 09/15/16 • What do you think will happen to the country now that the war has ended? • Take out your documents and questions. We are writing the paragraph today.

• WHAT CAUSED THE CIVIL WAR? CREW Claim: answer the question. – This should include introductory background information plus a concrete answer to the question in the form of a thesis statement • Reason: Supports claim with accuracy. • Evidence and EXPLAIN how each citation supports & clarifies your answer. – Must include source, quote – Make sure the citations actually support your answer – Don’t restate citation, EXPLAIN why it backs you up • Warrant: what you have written about & the points you are making in your writing • Each portion will require multiple sentences

Reconstruction

Lincoln Radical Republicans Reconstruction handout Johnson

War is over, Union wins! • Now the country has to be brought back together – Slavery is over BUT the economic issues still exist, as do the questions of what to do with freed slaves & how/if to punish the South • Country faces both economic & social rebuilding

The South is destroyed • The Civil War ended April 9, 1865. • Most of the land in the South was destroyed by the Civil War. The South would need to be rebuilt. • Lincoln refers to this process as RECONSTRUCTION

During the War In 1863, Pres. Lincoln announced the Emancipation Proclamation. It declared that all slaves should be set free in the Confederacy. (Why? )

Problems facingstates Reconstruction • How should southern be allowed to reenter the US? On what terms? • How should ex-confederates be treated? • What does Emancipation mean? • How should the new state governments be formed? Should the old confederates be elected?

Three Plans to Reconstruct the Nation • Lincoln- President (beginning his second term) • Radical Republicans- Majority in Congress • Andrew Johnson- Lincolns VP

Lincoln’s Plan President Lincoln wanted to reunite the nation as quickly as possible. Favored a lenient Reconstruction policy. • Any southern state with at least 10% of its voters making a pledge to be loyal to the U. S. could be readmitted to the Union. 10% Plan • The South also had to accept a ban on slavery. • Full pardons for all except high ranking southern military & gov’t officials. • Wanted a gov’t agency to assist freed slaves.

Lincoln is assassinated • Just six days after the war ended, on April 15, 1865, President Abraham Lincoln was assassinated while watching a play. • Lincoln was assassinated by John Wilkes Booth, a Southerner who was angry at Lincoln. • Vice-President Andrew Johnson became president.

Radical Republicans in Congress • Wanted to reunite the nation • Lincoln’s plan angered a minority of Republicans. They wanted to destroy the political power of former slaveholders. • They also wanted African Americans to be given full citizenship and the right to vote.

Radical Republicans • Iron Clad Oath – Southerners must admit & prove that they were not in anyway responsible for the war or never bore arms against the US to regain citizenship • State Suicide Theory – States lost ALL their rights when they left the Union

Radical Reconstruction • Radicals want: – Longer occupation of southern states by North – Land Redistribution - Give abandoned land to freed people

President Johnson • Had the assassin's plot gone as planned, Johnson would have been killed along with Lincoln; instead, he became President. • Racist Southerner had to reconstruct the south, including the extension of civil rights and suffrage to black Southerners. • Wanted to reunite the nation. Agreed with south on slavery but not leaving the Union.

Johnson’s Plan and Goals • Block efforts to force Southern states to guarantee full equality for blacks. • The stage was set for a showdown with congressional Republicans, who viewed black voting rights as crucial to their power base in the South. • Handed out thousands of pardons to high ranking Confederates. • Allowed the South to set up "black codes”=maintained slavery under another name

The Plans Review • Lincoln’s Plan – Goal – reunify the Union • Radical Republicans plan ( Congress) – Goals – punish the South; give rights to freed slaves • Johnson’s Plan – Favorable to the South • Unable to come to an agreement before the end of the war • Complete the VENN diagram for each plan first before doing the similarities

Crash Course Review • Watch the video and complete the questions as a review. • https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=nows. S 7 p MAp. I

09/19/19 Warm-up • Everyone in the United States is free. Do you agree or disagree with this statement? • Be prepared to discuss and share!

With a partner: Complete to bookwork from pages 87 to 91. You have 60 minutes.

Successes and Failures of Reconstruction. Work with a partner to complete the chart. Were African American’s really free?

Review

13 th amendment- Slaves are Free! • With the ending of the war, the slaves were now free. • The 13 th Amendment to the Constitution was passed. • The 13 th Amendment made slavery illegal forever in the United States.

The 14 th Amendment • The 14 th Amendment guaranteed citizenship to all people born or naturalized within the U. S. except for the Indians. • It said that state governments could not “deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law. ”

15 th Amendment • In 1870 the 15 th Amendment became law. • The 15 th Amendment gave African American men the right to vote. • Women’s rights activists were angry because the amendment did not also grant women the right to vote.

The Freedmen’s Bureau • The Freedmen’s Bureau was established to help poor blacks and whites in the South. • The Freedmen’s Bureau established schools in the South. • Laws against educating slaves during the Civil War meant that most ex-slaves did not know how to read and write.

http: //www. history. com/topics/blackhistory/sharecropping Poor, illiterate and intimidated by widespread violence after the Civil War, many former slaves agreed to sharecropping contracts, that were designed to keep them poor.

The Black Codes • The Black Codes were laws passed by Southern states that limited the new-found freedom of African Americans. • Black Codes forced African Americans to work on farms or as servants. They also prevented African Americans from owning guns, holding public meetings, or renting property in cities.

Voting Rights • Other laws were passed to keep blacks from voting. • One law said former slaves had to pay a tax to vote. It was called a poll tax. • Another law was passed that said a person could only vote if their grandfather had voted. These laws were called the Grandfather Clause.

Literacy Tests

Ku Klux Klan • In 1866 a group of white southerners created the Ku Klux Klan. • The KKK was a secret society opposed to African Americans obtaining civil rights, particularly the right to vote. • The KKK used violence and intimidation to frighten blacks. • Klan members wore white robes and hoods to hide their identities. • The Klan was known to have murdered many people.

http: //www. history. com/topics/ku-kluxklan/videos/the-kkk

Segregation and Jim Crow Laws • Starting in 1881, blacks had to stay in separate hotels, sit in separate parts of theaters, ride in separate rail cars, and have separate schools, libraries, and parks. This is known as segregation. • Segregation - the legal separation of blacks and whites in public places • Jim Crow Laws - laws that forced segregation

Reconstruction Comes to an End • Southern democrats take back over and seek redemption • Political violence continued in the South and AA were denied civil and political rights – Former confederate leaders are reelected to Congress. • Reconstruction ended without much progress but the 13 th, 14 th, and 15 th Amendments remained leading to civil rights in the future.

On a separate sheet of paper • What were two positive and two negatives of Reconstruction?

Next class… • You will have your first major exam: • Thinking Historically • Civil War • Reconstruction