Westward Expansion Trails West Do Now CNN 10

Westward Expansion Trails West

Do Now / CNN 10 Answer on a separate sheet of paper along with CNN 10 Facts to turn in. You have until the end of the song to answer the questions. 1. What states make up the area of land purchased by the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo? 2. Why was the US willing to pay $10 million for the area known as the Gadsden Purchase? 3 Facts from CNN 10

Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo Treaty ending the Mexican American War ● Set the border with Mexico at the Rio Grande ● US purchased CA, NV, UT, AZ, NM, CO and part of WY for $15 million ● Referred to as Mexican Cession

Gadsden Purchase 1854 Gadsden’s Purchase: ● ● United States paid Mexico $10 million for a 29, 670 square mile portion of Mexico that later became part of Arizona and New Mexico. Provided the land necessary for a southern transcontinental railroad

As we cover each of the Trails West, trace them on your map hand out. California Trail Mormon Trail Santa Fe Trail Oregon Trail

Dangers Heading West - Donner Party - (1846) Group of pioneers trapped by an early winter storm in the Sierra Nevada Mtns. , resorting to cannibalism to survive the winter. 87 Settlers / 48 Survived

California Trail Distance - 3000 miles from St. Joseph, MO to California Estimated Travel Time - 3 -7 months 1. 2. Where in California did this trail take emigrants? a. Northern California (Sutter’s Mill) Why did emigrants choose this trail? a. Were in search of gold

California Gold Rush - Suitcase Gold Discovered - 23 carat Gold discovered by James Marshall at Sutter’s Mill in 1848 Forty-Niners - Nickname for miners and other settlers who traveled to California around 1849 in search of gold. Gold Rush: 1848 -1855 - over 300, 000 people travelled to California to find their fortune.

Life Out West ● Most the travelers were young and male. ● Although they hoped to strike it rich, most left with nothing ● Boom towns popped up near mines, but once the gold was gone, the town became a ghost town.

California 49 rs - Significance Impact of the Gold Rush ● Population of CA explodes - Free African Americans, Mexicans, German and Jewish immigrants and Chinese immigrants flood the territory. ● Life wasn’t easy and the lawless nature gave the nickname the Wild West ● Led to most culturally diverse settlement in San Francisco ● Influx of gold reinvigorated US economy ● Native Americans forced from their lands ● California applies for statehood in 1850

California Statehood and Issue of Slavery Compromise of 1850 ●CA admitted as free state. ●Popular Sovereignty for Utah and New Mexico ●Slave trade ended in D. C. ●Fugitive Slave Act Enforced ●Avoided War

Fugitive Slave Act All escaped slaves must be returned to their owners. No person of color, free or otherwise, was safe from being sold into slavery. “Cooperation” was forced on the North

Women in the Gold Rush (page 10) Read primary sources on page 10 - answer the question: “Other than gold, why was traveling west an attractive option for women? ”

Mormon Trail

The Mormon War Mormons in MO - Large settlement in (Jackson County) Independence, MO (just east of KC) Mormon Wars: August - November 1838 Executive Order 44 - Extermination Order ● Mormons were declared enemies of the state of MO - Mormon Religion was outlawed from 1838 - 1976

Joseph Smith & Mormon Pioneers ● After brief imprisonment in MO, leads people to Nauvoo, IL ● Introduces doctrine of plural marriage (polygamy) ● Imprisoned in Carthage, IL ● Killed in prison

Forced West Again 1846 -1868 1. Thousands of Mormons travelled the 1300 mile route to Salt Lake City, Utah 2. They were seeking religious freedom Brigham Young ● New church leader, led the first group west in 1846 ● First Governor of Utah territory

Santa Fe Trail

Santa Fe Trail Followed Old Native American Indian Trade Routes Connected Markets in the East with the Southwest 1. Where? Took emigrants / merchandise into Santa Fe, New Mexico 2. Why? Emigrants who wanted to trade with the people in Northern Mexico. One of the most dangerous journeys ● 900 miles of arid land ● Went through Comanche and Apache land ● Rattlesnakes

Oregon Trail 1. 2, 170 Mile Route from Independence, MO to Oregon Territory 2. Most common route for people to move west for free land - start over.

Messed Up Things that Happened on the Trails

Oregon Trail Dangers: ● ● Native Americans Milk Sickness Starvation Harsh Weather When to leave? ● Leaving from Independence, MO in Spring (April) ● Why - takes 5 -7 months, travelling 10 -20 miles a day.

Waypoints Along the Trail Independence Rock, WY - Favorite resting point along the Oregon Trail - Travellers would sign their name to the rock. Columbia River - Here travellers decide to either use rafts to float down river, or travel around Mt. Hood (longer, cheaper, and sometimes safer)

Oregon Trail Pack your wagon! Working in pairs (or groups up to 4), you are going to “pack your wagon” to head west. Step 1: Read the background info about the journey. Step 2: Skim over “What to Take? ” to get ideas about what other pioneers took with them in their wagons. Step 3: Complete the “pack your wagon” worksheet - remember you cannot exceed 2400 lbs (including the weight of the travellers - unless you intend to walk the whole time. : )