Walt Whitman 1819 1892 American Literature Life of

Walt Whitman (1819 -1892) 课文学习 American Literature

Life of Walt Whitman • Born into a working class family in West Hills, New York, on May 31, 1819, just thirty years after George Washington was inaugurated as the first president of the newly formed rampant United States • The second child of 8 children of Walter Whitman • Family moving to Brooklyn across from New York City when Whitman was four (Crossing Brooklyn Ferry ) American Literature 课文学习

Life of Walt Whitman • Six years in Brooklyn public school, with African American children in separate rooms • Frequent visit to Long Island grandparents and love of Long Island (Out of the Cradle Endlessly Rocking ) • Ending formal education at 11 and beginning doing odd jobs, an autodidact • First signed article published in the upscale New York Mirror in 1834, a permanent memory American课文学习 Literature

Life of Walt Whitman • School teaching between 1836 and 1838 inspiring his writing of “Song of Myself” due to a student’s question “What is the grass? ” before turning to newspaper business The Long Islander • Journalist to newspapers like the New York Evening Tattler, the New York Statesman, and the New York Sunday Times, especially a mature journalist to The Long Island Star and The Eagle American课文学习 Literature

Life of Walt Whitman • Emerson’s 1842 lecture and his individualism and transcendentalism • 1848 journey to New Orleans laying foundation for his poems in terms of his subject matters • Initiation of poetic creation in the 1850 s • 9 edition of The Leaves of Grass from 1855 to 1892 • Death on March 26 1892 American课文学习 Literature

Reception of Whitman as a Poet • Early readers’ verbal attack: “barbaric yawp” for his casual language, grotesque image, bold egoism, praise of strong body and direct description of sexuality • John Greenleaf throwing Whitman’s book into burning stove • British poet William Rossetti and Emerson and Thoreau giving positive evaluation while he is alive American课文学习 Literature

Walt Whitman’s Literary Contribution • • • Free verse Special poetic rhythm Grand image Praise of American democracy Mastering of history, insight into reality, concern over scientific development, vista of future American课文学习 Literature

Walt Whitman’s Poetic Aesthetics • Whitman’s philosophy – Influence of Pantheism: Man instead of God is the hero of history – Whitman striving to be armed with the power and authority of God and to be the representative of Man – Inseparability of soul and body; strong body entailing a great soul – Close relatedness of art to life American课文学习 Literature

Walt Whitman’s Poetic Aesthetics • Poetic features – Bard of democracy – Optimistic about his age, his nation, his people; praise of freedom, equality and brotherly love – Discarding the bondage of poetic form; making full use of implicit language, refined cadence – Free verse: free in the length of poetic lines, stanzas and grammatical structure American课文学习 Literature

Walt Whitman’s Poetic Aesthetics – Repetition of either a word or a sentence or a whole structure – Cataloging of human beings, events and objects, with great momentum – Rich vocabulary with most of them being the common language of common people – Prose rhythm American课文学习 Literature

Song of Myself • • 1 I CELEBRATE myself, and sing myself, And what I assume you shall assume, For every atom belonging to me as good belongs to you. • I loafe and invite my soul, • I lean and loafe at my ease observing a spear of summer grass. American课文学习 Literature

Song of Myself • My tongue, every atom of my blood, form'd from this soil, this air, • Born here of parents born here from parents the same, and their parents the same, • I, now thirty-seven years old in perfect health begin, • Hoping to cease not till death. American课文学习 Literature

Song of Myself • Creeds and schools in abeyance, • Retiring back a while sufficed at what they are, but never forgotten, • I harbor for good or bad, I permit to speak at every hazard, • Nature without check with original energy. American课文学习 Literature

Song of Myself • 2 • Houses and rooms are full of perfumes, the shelves are crowded with perfumes, • I breathe fragrance myself and know it and like it, • The distillation would intoxicate me also, but I shall not let it. American课文学习 Literature

Song of Myself • The atmosphere is not a perfume, it has no taste of the distillation, it is odorless, • It is for my mouth forever, I am in love with it, • I will go to the bank by the wood and become undisguised and naked, • I am mad for it to be in contact with me. American课文学习 Literature

Song of Myself • The smoke of my own breath, • Echoes, ripples, buzz'd whispers, love-root, silkthread, crotch and vine, • My respiration and inspiration, the beating of my heart, the passing of blood and air through my lungs, • The sniff of green leaves and dry leaves, and of the shore and dark-color'd sea-rocks, and of hay in the barn, American课文学习 Literature

Song of Myself • • 10 Alone far in the wilds and mountains I hunt, Wandering amazed at my own lightness and glee, In the late afternoon choosing a safe spot to pass the night, • Kindling a fire and broiling the fresh-kill'd game, • Falling asleep on the gather'd leaves with my dog and gun by my side. American课文学习 Literature

Song of Myself • The Yankee clipper is under her sky-sails, she cuts the sparkle and scud, • My eyes settle the land, I bend at her prow or shout joyously from the deck. • The boatmen and clam-diggers arose early and stopt for me, • I tuck'd my trowser-ends in my boots and went and had a good time; • You should have been with us that day round the chowder-kettle. American课文学习 Literature

Song of Myself • I saw the marriage of the trapper in the open air in the far west, the bride was a red girl, • Her father and his friends sat near cross-legged and dumbly smoking, they had moccasins to their feet and large thick blankets hanging from their shoulders, American课文学习 Literature

Song of Myself • On a bank lounged the trapper, he was drest mostly in skins, his luxuriant beard and curls protected his neck, he held his bride by the hand, • She had long eyelashes, her head was bare, her coarse straight locks descended upon her voluptuous limbs and reach'd to her feet. American课文学习 Literature

Song of Myself • The runaway slave came to my house and stopt outside, • I heard his motions crackling the twigs of the woodpile, • Through the swung half-door of the kitchen I saw him limpsy and weak, • And went where he sat on a log and led him in and assured him, • And brought water and fill'd a tub for his sweated body and bruis'd feet, American课文学习 Literature

Song of Myself • And gave him a room that enter'd from my own, and gave him some coarse clean clothes, • And remember perfectly well his revolving eyes and his awkwardness, • And remember putting piasters on the galls of his neck and ankles; • He staid with me a week before he was recuperated and pass'd north, • I had him sit next me at table, my fire-lock lean'd in the corner. American课文学习 Literature