Validation of HIJING Ur QMD FRITIOF at reached

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Validation of HIJING, Ur. QMD, FRITIOF at reached energies and development of Fritiof model

Validation of HIJING, Ur. QMD, FRITIOF at reached energies and development of Fritiof model in Geant-4 V. Uzhinsky (PH CERN and LIT JINR) We are interested in a development and a validation of GEANT-4 QGSM and FRITIOF (FTF) model Reference point HIJING – RHIC (RQMD), LHC (Pythia, Herwig) Ur. QMD – FAIR, GSI (future experiments) Common origin - FRITIOF model Content 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Short description of the models; Description of PP-interactions; Description of pion-nucleon interactions; Implementation of Fritiof (FTF) model in Geant-4; Results for p. A-interactions; Conclusion All codes are bugs fixed! 1

1. Short description of the models FRITIOF model 2 B. Andersson et al. ,

1. Short description of the models FRITIOF model 2 B. Andersson et al. , Nucl. Phys. B 281 (1987) 289; B. Nilsson-Almquist and E. Stenlund, Comp. Phys. Commun. 43 (1987) 387. Hadron-hadron interactions are modeled as binary kinematics a + b →a’ + b’, ma’> ma mb’> mb where a’ and b’ are excited states of the initial hadrons a and b. In hadron-nucleus interactions the excited hadrons can interact with other nucleons of nucleus and increases mass. The probability of multiple collisions is calculated in Glauber approach. The variant used in the Fritiof model is enlarged with elastic re-scatterings of hadrons. The excited states are considered as QCD-strings, and the LUND model is used for their fragmentation. Key parameters

1. Short description of the models FRITIOF model 3 Limits are different for various

1. Short description of the models FRITIOF model 3 Limits are different for various implementations (Ur. QMD, Hijing). Fragmentation models are different too. These lead to various predictions

1. Short description of the models FRITIOF model B. Andersson et al. , Nucl.

1. Short description of the models FRITIOF model B. Andersson et al. , Nucl. Phys. B 281 (1987) 289; B. Nilsson-Almquist and E. Stenlund, Comp. Phys. Commun. 43 (1987) 387. HIJING model Xin-Nian Wang and Miklos Gyulassy, Phys. Rev. D 44 (1991) 3501 A corresponding program has been published in: Miklos Gyulassy and Xin. Nian Wang, Comput. Phys. Commun. 83 (1994) 307, e-Print Archive: nuclth/9502021, New – AMPT model Ur. QMD model S. A. Bass et al. , Prog. Part. Nucl. Phys. 41 (1998)225. M. Bleicher et al. , J. Phys. G: Nucl. Part. Phys 25 (1999) 1859. The corresponding code at http: //th. physik. uni-frankfurt. de/~urqmd/ HSD model (new one, W. Cassing et al. ) W. Ehehalt and W. Cassing, Nucl. Phys. A 602 (1996) 449 -486 The corresponding code at http: //th. physik. unifrankfurt. de/~brat/hsd. html Some of them can be tested at special WEB-page: http: //hepweb. jinr. ru/ 4

1. Short description of the models HEPWEB. jinr. ru 5

1. Short description of the models HEPWEB. jinr. ru 5

1. Short description of the models HEPWEB. jinr. ru 6

1. Short description of the models HEPWEB. jinr. ru 6

2. Description of PP-interactions, 12 -24 Ge. V/c At Plab < 30 Ge. V/c:

2. Description of PP-interactions, 12 -24 Ge. V/c At Plab < 30 Ge. V/c: HIJING and QGSM overestimate meson multiplicities, Ur. QMD underestimates them, Fritiof and FTF work well. 7

2. Description of PP-interactions, 100 -200 Ge. V/c At Plab > 30 Ge. V/c:

2. Description of PP-interactions, 100 -200 Ge. V/c At Plab > 30 Ge. V/c: All the models give close predictions that are not in an agreement with exp. data. Predictions of QGSM are far away from others! 8

2. Description of PP-interactions, 158 Ge. V/c, NA-49 At Plab > 30 Ge. V/c:

2. Description of PP-interactions, 158 Ge. V/c, NA-49 At Plab > 30 Ge. V/c: Ur. QMD and Fritiof give good results. HIJING overestimate meson multiplicities, FTF underestimates them a little bit, Predictions of QGSM are far away from others! 9

2. Description of PP-interactions, 400 Ge. V/c At Plab =400 Ge. V/c: Only HIJING

2. Description of PP-interactions, 400 Ge. V/c At Plab =400 Ge. V/c: Only HIJING and Ur. QMD give satisfactory results for Pi-mesons. QGSM and FTF must be improved. For K-mesons only Fritiof works well! 10

3. Description of pion-nucleon interactions LHC collaborations require a good simulation package – GEANT

3. Description of pion-nucleon interactions LHC collaborations require a good simulation package – GEANT 4, to understand detectors, calibrate and compare for analysis. CMS - TB 2004/ 2006 String models in Geant 4 are QGS and FTF models. QGS is today the main model for hadronic interactions, used in QGSP & QGSP_BERT physics lists. It has good validation above ~15 Ge. V (? ). A key need is a model spans down to energy ceiling of Geant 4 ‘cascades’ (3 -10 Ge. V) 11

3. Description of pion-nucleon interactions All models do not give satisfactory results! Ur. QMD

3. Description of pion-nucleon interactions All models do not give satisfactory results! Ur. QMD crushed for Pi+A interactions! 12

4. Implementation of Fritiof (FTF) model in Geant-4 Main routine: Fragment. String Light. Fragmentation.

4. Implementation of Fritiof (FTF) model in Geant-4 Main routine: Fragment. String Light. Fragmentation. Test (for selection of on-shell hadrons Stop. Fragmenting ? Split. Up * Fragmentation. Mass Quark. Splitup *** Create. Parton. Pair Di. Quark. Splitup Split. Eand. P (soft kinematics check) Is. Fragmentable ? (new string) Split. Last Quark. Splitup Di. Quark. Splitup Isotropic decay * In many cases binary isotropic decay of a string takes place! Fragmentation functions do not work! Two different conditions for an End of fragmentation! There is no isotropic decay in LUND fragmentation! 13

4. Implementation of Fritiof (FTF) model in Geant-4 Main routine: Fragment. String Light. Fragmentation.

4. Implementation of Fritiof (FTF) model in Geant-4 Main routine: Fragment. String Light. Fragmentation. Test (for selection of on-shell hadrons Stop. Fragmenting ? Split. Up * Fragmentation. Mass Quark. Splitup *** Create. Parton. Pair Di. Quark. Splitup Split. Eand. P (soft kinematics check) Is. Fragmentable ? (new string) Split. Last Quark. Splitup Di. Quark. Splitup Isotropic decay * In many cases binary isotropic decay of a string takes place! Fragmentation functions do not work! Two different conditions for an End of fragmentation! There is no isotropic decay in LUND fragmentation! 14

5. Results for p. A-interactions Check of Geant 4 -09 -01 -ref-02 FTF +

5. Results for p. A-interactions Check of Geant 4 -09 -01 -ref-02 FTF + binary cascade works well! 15

5. Results for p. A-interactions Check of Geant 4 -09 -01 -ref-02 Accounting of

5. Results for p. A-interactions Check of Geant 4 -09 -01 -ref-02 Accounting of elastic scattering is very important! 16

5. Results for Pi+A-interactions Old New implementation of quasi-elastic scattering New Corresponding HARP exp.

5. Results for Pi+A-interactions Old New implementation of quasi-elastic scattering New Corresponding HARP exp. data are not published. A correct simulation of quasi-elastic scattering is very important 17

6. Conclusion 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Main problem of the models

6. Conclusion 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Main problem of the models is a treatment of di-quark fragmentations and baryon formation. The quality of the existing codes for meson-nucleon and mesonnucleus interactions is not satisfactory. The matter is, most of the data on the interactions were obtained before string model creations. For the string models they were not actual, and were not fitted. The quality can, in principle, reflect on event reconstruction in LHC experiments, especially on the reconstruction of the missing energy and so on. More work in the improvement of the codes for the interactions is needed. We believe that a new program implementation of the FTF model will solve the problem. The new implementation of quasi-elastic scattering gives promising results. In the new implementation there is No strong correlations of pions and protons momenta for quasi-elastic Pi+Be interactions. Combination of FTF model and binary cascade model in Geant-4 can be recommended for applications. V. Uzhinsky 18

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