US HISTORY Chapter 2 Exploring the Americas 1400

US HISTORY Chapter 2 Exploring the Americas 1400 -1625

Lesson 1 – A Changing World p The Crusades Began in 1095 n Series of expeditions by European Christians to Jerusalem to regain control of the Holy City n Brought Europeans into contact with Asians traded for spices, sugar, & silk n

Lesson 1 – A Changing World p Marco Polo Traveled to China in late 1200 s n Wrote “Travels” described his journey n Increased interest in Asia for Europeans n

Lesson 1 – A Changing World p Growth of Trade n n n Arab traders in the Middle East sold Asian goods to European merchants shipped goods to Mediterranean ports such as Venice and Genoa European merchants wanted to figure out a way to bypass Arab

Lesson 1 – A Changing World p Technology Advancements n n Printing Press – allows for information (books, maps, etc. ) to spread quickly Astrolabe – helped determine latitude Magnetic Compass – helped determine direction Caravel – faster ship with more cargo space,

Lesson 2 – Early Exploration p Portugal n n n Prince Henry set up center for exploration in Portugal in 1420 This “school” brought together astronomers, geographers, mathematicians, sailors, and shipbuilders to share their knowledge Portuguese ships explored the western coast of Africa traded for gold and ivory. . . later bought slaves

Lesson 2 – Early Exploration p Portugal n n n 1487 – Bartholomeu Dias sails around southern tip of Africa. . . King John II names the “Cape of Good Hope” 1497 – Vasco da Gama sails around the Cape of Good Hope, travels up coast of East Africa and sails to India 1500 – Pedro Cabral leaves for India, swings so wide around Africa that he lands in Brazil (claiming the land for Portugal),

Lesson 2 – Early Exploration p Spain n Christopher Columbus p Did NOT “discover” America p Evidence shows Leif Eriksson and the Vikings were in N. America centuries earlier p 1492 – convinces Spain (King Ferdinand & Queen Isabella) to finance his voyage to look for western route to Asia p Takes three ships (Nina,

Lesson 2 – Early Exploration p Spain n Christopher Columbus p Returns to Spain with Native American slaves & gets financing for another voyage p Returns to Caribbean in 1493 – treats natives VERY poorly (crew stole food & gold, raped women, & made many natives slaves) p Made two more voyages (1498 & 1502) sailing along coastline of

Lesson 2 – Early Exploration p Feud between Spain & Portugal n n n both countries wanted to protect their claims in the Americas. . . turned to Pope Alexander VI for help Line of Demarcation – established in 1493, runs from N to S, Spain gets lands to the W, Portugal gets lands to the E Treaty of Tordesillas (1494) – Portugal

Lesson 2 – Early Exploration p Other Explorers n Amerigo Vespucci sailed along coast of South America in 1502, concluded that South America was a new continent and not part of Asia, geographers then began to call the land “America” in his honor

Lesson 2 – Early Exploration p Other Explorers n Vasco Nunez de Balboa – travels across Isthmus of Panama in 1513 and becomes first European to see the Pacific Ocean from the Americas, claims it and all adjoining lands for Spain

Lesson 2 – Early Exploration p Other Explorers n Ferdinand Magellan – reached the southernmost tip of South America in 1520, encountered storms, went into Pacific Ocean and gave it its name. . . means “peaceful”. . . went on to sail to the Philippines where he was killed. . . his crew continued on to Spain where they arrived in

Lesson 3 – Spain in America p Explorers & Conquest Spanish hear stories of gold & riches in the Americas n Spanish crown allows conquistadors to explore in search of these riches. . . 1/5 of n

Lesson 3 – Spain in America p Hernan Cortes arrives at Tenochtitlan November 8, 1519 n Montezuma (Aztec leader) believes Cortes is Quetzalcoatl (Aztec god returning to take back the throne) n Montezuma becomes prisoner of the Spanish n Spanish steal millions in gold n Cortes leaves, returns 10 months later n Aztec surrender on n

Lesson 3 – Spain in America p Francisco Pizarro arrived in Incan Empire in 1531 n captured Incan leader (Atahualpa) n Spanish held Atahualpa ransom, forced Incans to fill a room with gold & silver n Incans fill the room ($65 million value) n Pizarro kills him anyway n

Lesson 3 – Spain in America p Juan Ponce de Leon n First Spanish landing in North American mainland (east coast of Florida) in 1513 n Searched for gold & mythical “fountain of youth” n Named “Florida”. . . Spanish word means “full of flowers” n His journey led to the

Lesson 3 – Spain in America p Hernando de Soto n n p Led Spanish expedition throughout the American Southeast in search of the “Seven Cities of Cibola” or Seven Cities of Gold First European expedition to reach Mississippi River Francisco Vasquez de Coronado n Searched throughout

Lesson 3 – Spain in America p Social Classes n Peninsulares – born in Spain, but living in the New World n Creoles – born in New World to Spanish parents n Mestizos – people of mixed Spanish & Native American descent n Native Americans

Lesson 4 – Competing for Colonies p Religious Rivalries First Europeans to travel in Americas were Catholic (Spanish & Portuguese) n 1517 – Reformation starts…start of Protestantism n 1533 – English King Henry VIII leaves Catholic Church n Problems arise during n

Lesson 4 – Competing for Colonies p The Defeat of the Spanish Armada n n n England & Spain close to war due to trade rivalry & religious differences King Philip II (Spain) wanted to replace Queen Elizabeth I (England) with a Catholic Sir Francis Drake – English, attacked Spanish ships & ports, Philip II felt he should be punished, Elizabeth knighted him instead Philip sent the Spanish Armada to conquer England Spanish Armada is defeated

Lesson 4 – Competing for Colonies p Northwest Passage n n Treaty of Tordesillas divided the Americas b/w Spain & Portugal. . . England, France, & the Netherlands ignored the treaty and made their own claims All of the countries were interested in finding the Northwest Passage supposed all-water route through the

Lesson 4 – Competing for Colonies p Northwest Passage n n n John Cabot – sailed for England in 1497. . . landed in Newfoundland. . . England used Cabot’s voyage to make land claims in North America. . . found important fishing area now known as “Grand Banks” Jacques Cartier – French explorer. . . sailed up the St. Lawrence River. . . France used Cartier’s voyage to make land claims in Canada Henry Hudson – Dutch explorer. . . Hudson River & Hudson

Lesson 4 – Competing for Colonies p French in North America n n p Mainly concerned with fishing & trapping New France – along St. Lawrence R. in Canada French Explorers n n Joliet & Marquette – went down Mississippi River by canoe. . . determined it went south to Gulf of Mexico and not west to Pacific La Salle – traveled the Mississippi River all the way south to Gulf of Mexico, claimed the region for France

Lesson 4 – Competing for Colonies p Dutch Settlements n n n Dutch had large fleet of trading ships that sailed all over the world Set up multiple trading posts along east coast of North America New Amsterdam – center of the colony. . . Gov. Peter Minuit paid about $24 in goods to Manhattoes natives for the island. . . island is now known as Manhattan