Tourism life cycle Tourist life cycle pre trip

วงจรชวตของการทองเทยว (Tourism life cycle) วงจรชวตของนกทองเทยว (Tourist life cycle( กอนเดน pre trip ทาง (Pretrip) ทเท onยวsite (on site( หลงเดน after trip ทาง (Aftertrip) การใหบรการ Service delivery (Service delivery) กระบวนของฝายสนบสนน (Processes of the supply side) การวางแผน การตลาด การขาย การตดตาม ชมชนสมพนธ Relationship Planning (Marketing( Marketing Sales(Monitoring( Monitoring (Planning( (Sales( (Relationship Community) Community ทมา : Werthner. 2003. Tourist life cycle and companies’ processes – both suppliers and intermediaries

ระบบการทองเทยว (Tourism System) Push Pull Mill and Morrison (1985) ‘system is like a spider’s web—touch one part of it and reverberation will be felt throughout’.

ระบบการทองเทยว …และสงอำนวยความสะดวก (The Tourism System…and accessibility) Primary suppliers: Place of origin Tourist/ customer: INTERMEDIARIES: AVAILABLE TOURISM PACKAGES Travel Agencies Tour Operators Incoming Agencies Intermediation AVAILABLE TOURISM INFORMATION: Destination Management Organisations/DMSs Business Travel AVAILABLE ACCESSIBILITY INFORMATION: Disability Organisations Other (health, study) Personalisation & community O S S A T E Boat – Car/ Taxi – Coach/ Bus – Train - Airlines Information Communication Technology • individual travellers (blind, partially sighted, deaf, hard of hearing, wheelchair users, etc. ) • travellers with a personal assistant/ companion • seniors Leisure Travel Holiday Centres Hotels Camping Accommodation B&B Farmhouses Cottages Apartments Catering Fast Cafes Food facilities Terraces/ beer gardens Pre trip Booking Retailing Markets Department stores Gift shops Casino Theatre Entertainment Clubs Heritage Stately homes Historic Buildings Activity centres Wild life parks Sporting Religious Conference ATTRACTIONS Purpose built Theme parks Observatories Pubs Cinemas Monuments Festivals Music Archaeology Events Architecture Spas Museums Man made Archaeological sites Galleries Beach Waterfalls Rivers Natural Lakes Disney Landscape Gardens Artificial Woodland Parks Waxwork Museum Private health ANCI- Postinstitutions offices Travel LLARY Tour guides insurance SERPublic Banks Private Embassies RTOs VICES Currency exchange Police Timetables NTOs Fishing Painting LTOs Biking Health Golfing Sailing Walking ACTIVITIES Photography Swimming Nature exploration Hospitals & other health institutions Certification Value added services Product information Shopping centres AMENITIES Restaurants A C C E S S I B I L I T Y Customers’ information needs: Destination region Transit information Destination information During trip: transit at destination Generic information After trip

อตสาหกรรมหลกในการทองเทยว แหลงทองเทยว (Attraction Sector) ทพกอาศย (Accommodation Sector) Theme parks Museums and galleries National parks Wildlife parks Gardens Heritage sites and centres Sport/activity centres Themed retail/leisure/entertainment centres Festivals and events Hotel/Motel Guest house/bed and breakfast Farmhouse Apartments/villas/flats/cottages Condominiums/time share resorts Vacation villages/holidays centres Static and touring caravan/camping sites Marinas การขนสง (Transport Sector) Airlines Shipping lines/ferries Railways Bus/coach operators Car rental operators หนวยงานดานบรการการทองเทยว (Travel organisers’ Sector) Tour operators Tour wholesalers/brokers Retail travel agents Conference organisers Booking agencies (e. g, accommodation) Incentive travel organisers หนวยงานบรหารสถานททองเทยว (Destination organisation Sector) National tourist officers (NTOs) Destination marketing organisations (DMOs) Regional/state tourist offices Local tourist offices Tourist associations ����� : Middleton and Clarke, 2001. Marketing in travel and tourism

โครงสรางของการตลาดการทองเทยว (Structure of tourism market) ผบรโภค (Consumers) Tourist NTO outlets คนกลาง (Intermediaries) Travel agent Government bodies Destination Management Org: DMO), Planners & Administrati on Tour operator RTO CRS/GDS Incoming agent LTO Hotel Chain ผสนบสนน (Suppliers) Primary supplier Airline other transport

“Tourism is a very information intensive activity. In few other areas of activity are the generation, gathering, processing, application and communication of information as important for day-to-day operations as they are for the travel and tourism industry” ทมา : Poon, 1993