Thesis Introduction Study for a failsafe trigger generation
- Slides: 12
Thesis: Introduction Study for a failsafe trigger generation system for the Large Hadron Collider beam dump kicker magnets prepared by Martin Rampl
CERN - The European Laboratory for Particle Physics u u u Provides the world-leading facilities for particle physics (funded by 19 European countries) Particles are accelerated and collided within huge detectors Aim: Investigation of the deepest layers of matter
LHC - The Large Hadron Collider u u u 27 km-proton accelerator with two counter-rotating beams (completion 2005) Superconducting magnets steer and accelerate the particles up to 7 Te. V Collisions occur within huge particle detectors
General design of the LHC beam dump (beam absorber) Kicker magnets ~1900 m Kicker magnets u u Stored Beam Energy per Ring ~334 MJ (equivalent to 150 kg of TNT) Gap of ~3 µs is left in the 89 µs (=time for 27 km) beam cycle for the dumping action
Tasks of the Trigger Generator Synchronises the rise of the magnetic field of the kicker magnet with the beam gap Continues operation if the beam revolution frequency signal is failing
Critical part 1: Internal Oscillator (digital Phase-Locked loop) u u Measures continuously the beam revolution frequency Continues generation of the SYNCHR. PULSE TRAIN signal even if BEAM GAP SYNCHR. is failing
Numerical Controlled Oscillator: Digital Phase Accumulator u u Programmed value is added with every clock cycle Overflow of the adder = Output frequency signal High resolution (f=100 MHz, N=32 bit Res. =23 m. Hz) Stability depends only on quartz oscillator
Internal Oscillator: Advantages-Disadvantages J Accuracy only dependent on the short-term J J J stability of the high-frequency quartz oscillator stable (no temperature drifts, . . ) Reliable Simplementation into programmable logic chip Easy to adapt to new requirements L Design requires a state-of-the-art chip
Critical part 2: Output Switch OSCILLATOR and DUMP REQUEST = TRIGGER OUT
Implementation block diagram of the Trigger Generator
Conclusion u Digital realisation provides perfect accuracy and stability u Implementation into Programmable logic chip maintains high reliability u But: Redundant and failsafe systems necessary in every case
Future aspects u Prototype will be built until end of July 1999 u Final installation will be in 2004 progress in electronics u Changes in the requirements will influence design of the Trigger Generator
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