Thermodynamics and Statistical Mechanics The Third Law of

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Thermodynamics and Statistical Mechanics The Third Law of Thermodynamics Thermo & Stat Mech Spring

Thermodynamics and Statistical Mechanics The Third Law of Thermodynamics Thermo & Stat Mech Spring 2006 Class 10 1

Statements of Third Law All reactions in a liquid or solid in thermal equilibrium

Statements of Third Law All reactions in a liquid or solid in thermal equilibrium take place with no change of entropy in the neighborhood of absolute zero. (Nernst) The entropy of a true equilibrium state of a system at absolute zero is zero. (Planck) Thermo & Stat Mech - Spring 2006 Class 10 2

Statements of Third Law It is impossible to reduce the temperature of a system

Statements of Third Law It is impossible to reduce the temperature of a system to absolute zero using a finite number of processes. (Unattainability statement) Thermo & Stat Mech - Spring 2006 Class 10 3

Entropy Thermo & Stat Mech - Spring 2006 Class 10 4

Entropy Thermo & Stat Mech - Spring 2006 Class 10 4

Nernst Postulate Thermo & Stat Mech - Spring 2006 Class 10 5

Nernst Postulate Thermo & Stat Mech - Spring 2006 Class 10 5

Planck Thermo & Stat Mech - Spring 2006 Class 10 6

Planck Thermo & Stat Mech - Spring 2006 Class 10 6

Equivalence of Statements Assume that the unattainability statement of the third law is valid,

Equivalence of Statements Assume that the unattainability statement of the third law is valid, and show that it leads to the Nernst statement. DS 0 = S 01 – S 02 = 0 Thermo & Stat Mech - Spring 2006 Class 10 7

Equivalence of Statements Consider adiabatic cooling Thermo & Stat Mech - Spring 2006 Class

Equivalence of Statements Consider adiabatic cooling Thermo & Stat Mech - Spring 2006 Class 10 8

Adiabatic Cooling Plot Thermo & Stat Mech - Spring 2006 Class 10 9

Adiabatic Cooling Plot Thermo & Stat Mech - Spring 2006 Class 10 9

Can Achieve T = 0 Thermo & Stat Mech - Spring 2006 Class 10

Can Achieve T = 0 Thermo & Stat Mech - Spring 2006 Class 10 10

Real Cooling Thermo & Stat Mech - Spring 2006 Class 10 11

Real Cooling Thermo & Stat Mech - Spring 2006 Class 10 11

Consequences of Third Law Thermo & Stat Mech - Spring 2006 Class 10 12

Consequences of Third Law Thermo & Stat Mech - Spring 2006 Class 10 12

Consequences of Third Law Clausius-Clapeyron equation Thermo & Stat Mech - Spring 2006 Class

Consequences of Third Law Clausius-Clapeyron equation Thermo & Stat Mech - Spring 2006 Class 10 13

Consequences of Third Law Thermo & Stat Mech - Spring 2006 Class 10 14

Consequences of Third Law Thermo & Stat Mech - Spring 2006 Class 10 14

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