THE SOVIET UNION LENIN TAKES COMMAND STALINS REIGN

THE SOVIET UNION LENIN TAKES COMMAND STALIN’S REIGN OF TERROR

Vladimir Ulyanov • From upper class family • Profoundly affected by execution of his brother • Exiled by Tsar 1897

LENIN • Returns April 1917 • Overthrows Provisional gov’t • Bolsheviks promise • “Peace, Land Bread” • 1918 Treaty of Brest -Litovsk

Alexander Kerensky • Tsar abdicates • Duma forms provisional government • Hope for moderate, democratic gov’t • Overthrown by Bolsheviks

Trotsky Lev Bronstein • • Lenin’s #2 Marxist theory Military strategy Led the Red Army to victory in CW • Pushed out and exiled by Stalin

Lenin’s Tomb

Lenin Gets A Pass • Lenin still held in high regard even though – He established the CHEKA Secret Police later known as (KGB) – Started the GULAG Prison Camp system – Used Murder, Torture, Prison and Exile to further political goals. – Dies in 1924 - Stalin carries on the program

Stalin’s Rise to Power • • Josef Dzhugashvilli 1878 Born in Georgia Peasant stock Quits seminary to join the revolution • “Stalin” Man of Steel • Prison and exile

Young Revolutionary • 1899 -1917 • Not an intellectual • Tough guy who could get things done • Bank robberies • Kidnappings • Demonstrations • Escapes

Stalin Out Maneuvers Trotsky • Stalin Assigned Post in Secretariat • Gathers information on party members • Appoints people to party jobs, expects loyalty (carrot) • Punishes those who disagree with him by removing them from their posts (stick) • Forms alliances • Trotsky passed over when Lenin dies

Rapid Industrialization • 5 Year Plans set ambitious goals • Goals were met despite dangerous conditions, loss of life • Use of slave labor • Potemkin Villages, hide shortfalls if goals not met

Collectivization of Agriculture • Massive state farms • Kulaks shipped off to Siberia • They destroy livestock, machinery, etc. • Production quotas can’t be met • Famine

Famine in Ukraine • Bread Basket of Europe • Collectivization does not work • Government takes all of the grain, even that for personal use • 5 million deaths • 1932 -33 • Remember this picture when you see “Che”

Purge Trials of the 1930’s • Stalin eliminates the “competition” • Uses torture to force confessions from old Bolshevik comrades • Some had been heroes of the Revolution • Death or labor camps

Inner Circle • Most Powerful Leaders in USSR – STALIN – Voroshilov – Beria – Molotov – Malenkov – Kaganovich – Kalinin

Ivan’s Apartment • • • Ivan and Anastasia Sanshin Aaron and Sonya Gubelman Katya Morda (the Policeman) and Mrs. Morda The Professor Feodosia - The Old Lady

The Non-Aggression Pact 1939 • Molotov-Ribbentrop negotiate an alliance between Stalin and Hitler • USSR to provide food and raw materials to Germany • Germany to provide manufactured goodd to USSR • Hitler invades in 1941

Battle of Stalingrad • 1942 The Enemy is at the Gate • Government is evacuated from Moscow to Kuibyshev • Stalin stays behind • Russians rally to defend the Motherland

The Gulag

Cult of Personality

The Big Three • FDR, Churchill and Stalin ally to defeat Hitler • At Yalta, Stalin is rewarded for Russia’s sacrifice • Security zone of Eastern European “satellite states”

Comrade Voroshilov

Comrade Beria