What caused the collapse of the Soviet Union

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What caused the collapse of the Soviet Union? Notes #45

What caused the collapse of the Soviet Union? Notes #45

n In 1985, Mikhail Gorbachev became the new leader of the Soviet Union.

n In 1985, Mikhail Gorbachev became the new leader of the Soviet Union.

Gorbachev with U. S. President Ronald Reagan and U. S. Vice President George H.

Gorbachev with U. S. President Ronald Reagan and U. S. Vice President George H. W. Bush

n Gorbachev instituted policies of glasnost and perestroika to reform the Soviet Union politically

n Gorbachev instituted policies of glasnost and perestroika to reform the Soviet Union politically and economically.

n Under Gorbachev’s leadership, the Soviet Union faced the problem of ethnic minorities demanding

n Under Gorbachev’s leadership, the Soviet Union faced the problem of ethnic minorities demanding the right of self-determination.

n Examples of movements toward selfdetermination include the overthrow of Romania’s dictator in 1989

n Examples of movements toward selfdetermination include the overthrow of Romania’s dictator in 1989 or Poland’s election of a president in 1990. Romania’s dictator Nicolae Ceausescu; overthrown and executed in 1989 Poland’s president Lech Walesa; elected in 1990

n In 1989, the Berlin Wall was destroyed and Germany was later reunited, which

n In 1989, the Berlin Wall was destroyed and Germany was later reunited, which was symbolic of the end of the Soviet Union’s domination of Eastern Europe.

n Following the Berlin Wall’s destruction, communism collapsed in the Soviet Union and the

n Following the Berlin Wall’s destruction, communism collapsed in the Soviet Union and the Cold War officially ended. Soviet Union (1922– 1991)

n By 1991, Gorbachev resigned, the Communist Party broke up, Boris Yeltsin gained political

n By 1991, Gorbachev resigned, the Communist Party broke up, Boris Yeltsin gained political power in Russia, and the Soviet Union no longer existed. CIS (Commonwealth of Independent States) Boris Yeltsin; President of Russia (1991– 1999)

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