The Presidents 1 George Washington Federalist 1789 1797

The Presidents

1 - George Washington, Federalist, 1789 - 1797 (4, 28) • Set “precedents”: 1 st Cabinet – advisors, heads of departments • Supports Alexander Hamilton’s financial plan • Farewell Address/ Proclamation of Neutralityestablishes policy of neutrality

2 - John Adams, Federalist, 1797 - 1801 15 • Struggled with England/ French Wars • Alien and Sedition Act- violated freedom of speech and press

3 - Thomas Jefferson, Democrat. Republican 1801 - 1809 5 • “Revolution of 1800”- Democratic Republicans win election; peacefully take power • Limited government (strict construction of Constitution) • Louisiana Purchase- goes against strict construction

4 - James Madison, Democrat. Republican (1809 - 1817) 14 • “Father of the Constitution” • War of 1812

5 - James Monroe, Democrat. Republican (1817 - 1825) 13 • Monroe Doctrine (1823) – western hemisphere- Europe stay out!! – Retains neutrality/ isolationism in European affairs

7 - Andrew Jackson, Democrat (18291837) 6 29 • “Jacksonian Democracy”– suffrage given to all white men during this time – “spoils system”- supporters get government jobs • Supported Native American Removal Policy– goes against Worchester v. Georgia decision • Vetoes the Second Bank of US • opposes Calhoun’s nullification of the Tariff of 1828

11 - James K Polk, Democrat, 18451849 • Ran on fulfilling Manifest Destiny – Supports annexation of Texas (1845) – “ 54 40 or fight!” – Purchases Oregon (1846) – Led nation during Mexican War (1846 -48) – Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo- Mexican Session • Great topic for lots of THEMATICS!!

16 - Abraham Lincoln, Republican, 1861 -65 24 27 • Lincoln Douglas Debates in 1858 make him famous – Argues against EXPANSION of slavery • First Republican president – Party formed in 1854 after Kansas Nebraska Act opened more territory to slavery • Used war powers during Civil War to preserve the Union – Suspended habeas corpus for Confederate supporters – Emancipation Proclamation- turns Civil War into a war to END slavery in 1863; uses power as Commander in Chief

16 - Abraham Lincoln, cont’d • Gettysburg Address– gives meaning to the Civil War- nation will have a “new birth of freedom” • Very lenient Reconstruction Plans for South • Assassinated before end of Civil War

17 - Andrew Johnson 3 • Impeached by House after bitter arguments with RADICAL REPUBLICANS over Reconstruction

24 - William Mc. Kinley, Republican, 1897 -1901 16 • Spanish American War • Open Door Policy issued by Sec. of State John Hay • Annexed Hawaii • Assassinated 1901

25 - Teddy Roosevelt, Republican, 1901 -1909 21 26 35 • “Square Deal”- PROGRESSIVE domestic program – – Trustbuster conservationist Mediates coal miner strike The Jungle- Meat Inspection Act • Imperialist in foreign policy – Roosevelt Corollary- • Adds to Monroe Doctrine • POLICE POWER IN Latin America – “Big Stick Diplomacy” • Increases navy • Panama Canal

26 - William Taft, Republican, 19091913 • “Dollar Diplomacy”- supported US business interests with diplomacy and military support in Latin America

27 - Woodrow Wilson, Democrat, 1913 - 1921 8 • New Freedom- Progressive president • Reforms: – Clayton Antitrust Act – Creates the Federal Reserve System (controls currency) – Federal Trade Commission (investigates trusts) • WWI president • 14 points- his idea for peace • Senate refuses to ratify the Treaty of Versailles and join the League of Nations (isolationism)

30 - Herbert Hoover, Republican, 19291933 7 • Laissez faire, pro business • Stock Market Crash • Opposes direct relief (would ruin “rugged individualism”) • Uses troops vs. “Bonus Army”

31 - Franklin Delano Roosevelt, Democrat, 1933 -1945 23 25 • New Deal/ World War 2 president – POWER OF FED GOV’T increases • • Wagner Act- Supports Unions Long term reform: Social Security; SEC Executive Order 9066 - Internment of Japanese Elected 4 times- 22 nd Amendment

32 - Harry S Truman 1945 -1953 2 30 • • • Atomic bomb Truman Doctrine- policy of containment Marshall Plan Korean War GI Bill Desegregates military

33 - Dwight Eisenhower 1953 - 1961 20 32 • • • Supreme Commander of Allies in World War 2 Eisenhower Doctrine (Cold War in Middle East) Federal Highway Act Little Rock 9 Dulles- “Brinksmanship”- Arms Race

34 - John F Kennedy 1961 - 1963 11 • New Frontier – Moon! – Peace Corps – Pushes for Civil Rights Act • Cuban Missile Crisis • Assassinated

35 - Lyndon Baines Johnson (19631969) 17 31 • Vietnam- Gulf of Tonkin Resolution – escalation – Doesn’t seek re-election in 1968 • Great Society- War on Poverty – Medicare – Civil Rights Act of 1964

36 - Richard Nixon Rep (1969 - 74) 1 33 • Vietnamization • Détente with USSR and China • Watergate- resigns • 37 - Gerald Ford – Pardons Nixon

38 - Jimmy Carter, Democrat 9 • Economic problems: inflation & oil shortages – OPEC embargo on oil • Camp David Accords: peace between Israel and Egypt

39 - Ronald Reagan 1981 -89 18 • Conservative revolution – Social issues: abortion, school prayer • Supply side economics (“Reaganomics”) – Lower taxes, less regulation, pro big business – Reaction against Great Society • Trade and budget deficits • “Star Wars” • “Tear down this wall” speech

41 George H Bush (1989 - 92) 12 • “no new taxes” whoops! • Persian Gulf war – Iraq invades Kuwait, 1991 – Builds UN coalition; very successful

42 - William Jefferson Clinton 19 • • NAFTA- free trade in North America Backs NATO forces in Serbia (ethnic cleansing) Balances budget Impeached by House for perjury; acquitted by Senate

GW Bush 32 • Controversial 2000 election vs. Gore • 9/11 responses: – Homeland Security/ Patriotic Act – Afghanistan/ Iraq