GEORGE WASHINGTON POLITICAL PARTY NO PARTY DESIGNATION TERM

GEORGE WASHINGTON POLITICAL PARTY: NO PARTY DESIGNATION TERM: 1789 -1797 PRESIDENT NUMBER: #1 http: //www. google. com/imgres? q=george+washington&hl=en& biw=1680&bih=959&gbv=2&tbm=isch&tbnid=Sx. PU_s 6 NBqoe. M: &imgrefurl=http: //www. pissedonpolitics. com/%3 Fp%3 D 2393&docid=Ypgy. XEZ 1 Lvk 5 SM&imgurl=http: //www. pissed onpolitics. com/George-Washington. jpg&w=450&h=569&ei=J 3 b. Tqb. XPOPm 0 QGtr. KXVBA&zoom=1 http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Presidency_of_George_Washington

General Information � Vice President: John Adams (1789 -1797 ) � Cabinet members (all 1789 -1797): John Adams Henry Knox as Secretary of War John Jay as Secretary of Foreign Affairs Alexander Hamilton as Secretary of the Treasury Thomas Jefferson as Secretary of State Edmund Randolph as Attorney General � States Admitted into Union North Carolina: Nov. 21, 1789 Rhode Island: May 29, 1790 Vermont: March 4, 1791 Kentucky: June 1, 1792 Tennessee: June 1, 1796 http: //americanhistory. about. com/od/states/a/state_admission. htm http: //www. sparknotes. com/biography/washington/section 8. rhtml http: //www. legendsofamerica. com/photosamericanhistory/John%20 Adams, %20 Asher%20 B. % 20 Durand-500. jpg

1 st Term (1789 -1792) � George Washington � Unanimously voted to be president � Electoral college: 69 votes � John Adams � Electoral college: 34 votes � Promised to uphold the Constitution of the US � Said that he would preserve the "sacred fire of liberty” � No popular vote until 1824 � No party designation http: //www. sparknotes. com/biography/washington/section 8. rhtml The American Pageant 12 th Edition pg. A 58 http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/File: Electoral. College 1789. svg

2 nd Term (1792 -1797) � George Washington � Unanimously voted to be president � Electoral vote: 132 � Originally wanted to retire � John Adams � Electoral vote: 77 � George Clinton � Electoral vote: 50 after his first presidential term � Decided to run again to try to halt the rise of political parties � No popular vote until 1824 � No party designation http: //www. presidentelect. org/e 1792. html The American Pageant 12 th Edition pg. A 58 http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/File: Electoral. College 1792. svg

George Washington – First President (1789) �George Washington becomes the first president of the United States �He was unanimously voted �The first inauguration took place on April 30, 1789 �Sworn in by Chancellor of New York Robert Livingston �The inaugural ceremony took place on the balcony of Federal Hall in New York City, then the first US Capitol and the first site where the 1 st United States Congress met �Impact: George Washington leads the nation as the first president and becomes a role model for others to follow http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/First_inauguration_of_George_Washington

Judiciary Act of 1789 �Established a federal court system �The judicial branch composed of a Supreme Court �Court composed of one Chief Justice and five Associate Justices �Impact: created 13 judicial districts within 11 states that had then ratified the Constitution. The courts are also instruments of democratic government, binding a diverse nation together. http: //www. xtimeline. com/__User. Pic_ Large/1800/ELT 200711111159239058 643. JPG http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Judiciary_Act_of_1789 http: //usa. usembassy. de/etexts/democrac/8. htm

North Carolina admitted to Union (1789) �In 1653, some Virginians settled in what would become North Carolina �In 1663, King Charles II issued a royal charter to eight nobles to settle the area south of Virginia. They created Carolina and included the previous settlement �Due to internal problems, crown took over colony and formed North and South Carolina out of it in 1729 �Impact: growing class of planters, would join the Confederate States of America http: //americanhistory. about. com/cs/colo nialamerica/p/ncarolinacolony. htm http: //upload. wikimedia. org/wikipedia/com mons/thumb/0/04/Map_of_North_Carolina _highlighting_Franklin_County. svg/800 px. Map_of_North_Carolina_highlighting_Fran klin_County. svg. png

Samuel Slater – first American factory (1790) �“The Father of the Factory System” �given credit for building the first successful water-powered cotton mill �style of factory construction and workforce management set the pattern for industrial development throughout New England �Impact: represented a tremendous step forward for industry in the United States, which had been struggling to catch up to Great Britain in technological advancement http: //www. historycooperative. org/j ournals/sia/31. 1/images/malone_fig 07 b. jpg http: //www. novelguide. com/a/discover/eueh_02_00827. html The American Pageant 12 th Edition pg 300

Alexander Hamilton’s financial program (1790) � From the revolution, the federal government had a huge debt: $54 million including interest. The states owed another $25 million � Hamilton proposed that the government assume the entire debt of the federal government and the states � Plan was to borrow new money at lower interest rate � For southern votes, Hamilton promised to support locating the national capital on the banks of the Potomac River, the border between two southern states, Virginia and Maryland http: //www. wpclipart. com/money � He was very successful _bags/money_bag_green. png. html � Impact: he made the United States attractive to foreign investors http: //www. digitalhistory. uh. edu/database/article_display. cfm? HHID=6

Republican Motherhood (1790) �Women who ran households in the absence of men became more assertive � If the republic were to succeed, women must be schooled in virtue so they could teach their children �The first American female academies were founded in the 1790 s �Education and respect would lead to the emergence of a powerful, outspoken middle class of women �Impact: Women were becoming more important in society http: //upload. wikimedia. org/wikipedia /commons/4/4 d/The_artist_and_his_f amily_james_peale. jpg http: //www. ushistory. org/us/12 d. asp

Rhode Island admitted into Union (1790) �Known for its fierce independence �Was last to ratify US Constitution �Roger Williams banished to England by Massachusetts Bay Colony for beliefs in separation of church and state �He fled and formed Providence in 1636. �Anne Hutchinson also banished for speaking out against the Church in Massachusetts Bay �She formed Portsmouth. �All settlements joined together with permission from England to form Providence Plantations – later called Rhode Island �Impact: first to guarantee all its citizens freedom of worship http: //www. rhodeislandsexoffend ers. net/images/maps/rhode_island -2. png http: //americanhistory. about. com/cs/colonialamerica/p /rhodecolony. htm

First Bank of the US (1791) �Modeled after the Bank of England �collect taxes, hold government funds, make loans �Hamilton argued that Congress had power to create a bank – Constitution granted federal government authority to do anything "necessary and proper" to carry out constitutional functions (in this case fiscal duties) �In 1791, Congress passed a bill creating a national bank for a term of 20 years �Impact: A national bank was created and led to future banks http: //gulfofmexicooilspillblog. files. wordpress. com/2011/02/history_gira rd_national_bank. jpg http: //www. digitalhistory. uh. edu/database/article_display. cfm? HHID=6

Bill of Rights (1791) � First ten amendments to the Constitution, which limit the power of the U. S. federal government � serve to protect the natural rights of liberty and property freedom of religion free speech free press free assembly free association right to keep and bear arms http: //www. redstaplerchronicles. co m/wpcontent/uploads/2008/05/bill. gif � Came into effect December 15, 1791 through the process of ratification by three-fourths of the States � Impact: plays a key role in American law and government, and remains a vital symbol of the freedoms and culture of the nation http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/United_States_Bill_of_Rights http: //law 2. umkc. edu/faculty/projects/ftrials/conlaw/billofrightsintro. html

George Washington – Second Term (1793) �Took place in the Senate Chamber of Congress Hall in Philadelphia on March 4, 1973 �The President gave the shortest inaugural address ever given �Address was one of the few ever given before the oath was taken �Unanimously voted for a second time �Impact: George Washington starts the tradition of presidents serving for two terms because any longer would give a man too much power, as he said http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Second_inauguration_of_George_Washington

Cotton Gin (1793) � Eli Whitney - inventor and a pioneer in the mass production of cotton � automated the seed separation process � generate up to fifty pounds of cleaned cotton daily, making cotton production profitable for the southern states � Manufactured as many cotton gins as possible and installed them throughout Georgia and the southern http: //etc. usf. edu/clipart/21900/21971/cotton_gin_21971_lg. gif states � Impact: revolutionized the cotton industry in the United States http: //inventors. about. com/od/cstartinventions/a/cotton_gin. htm

Proclamation of Neutrality (1793) �Designed to keep America out of further wars �Stated that the US would: not offer protection to Americans who violated neutrality laws prosecute anyone within its jurisdiction who violated international law with respect to neutrality �Many supported the French cause because they considered the French resistance to be similar to their own fight during the Revolutionary War. Others were on England's side. �Washington believed that if they got involved in the European war, it could mean destruction to the States through division or bringing the war to America �Impact: kept the US from war with England http: //www. revolutionary-war-and-beyond. com/proclamation-of-neutralityby-george-washington-april-22 -1793. html http: //www. u-s-history. com/pages/h 453. html

Citizen Genet Affair (1793) � Edmond-Charles Genêt - French Ambassador to the US during French Revolution � was dispatched to the US to promote American support for France's wars with Spain and Britain � Instead of traveling to Philadelphia to present himself to George Washington for accreditation, he stayed in South Carolina � goals in South Carolina were to recruit and arm American privateers who would join French expeditions against the British � commissioned four privateering ships and raised a militia � He endangered American neutrality in the war between France and Britain � Impact: His activities violated an American proclamation of neutrality in the European conflict and greatly embarrassed France’s supporters in the US http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/File: Edmond. Charles_Gen%C 3%AAt. png http: //www. britannica. com/EBchecked/topic/118798/Citizen-Genet-Affair http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Edmond-Charles_Gen%C 3%AAt

Fugitive Slave Law of 1973 �Guaranteed right of a slaveholder to recover an escaped slave �Slave hunters were allowed to capture an escapee in any territory or state and were required only to confirm orally before a state or federal judge that the person was a runaway �Impact: Fugitive Slave Act was inconsistently enforced and provoked ill feeling between north and south states http: //www. libraries. wvu. edu/dela ny/freeman. gif http: //www. u-s-history. com/pages/h 480. html

Jay Treaty With England (1794 -95) �The withdrawal of British soldiers from posts in the American West �A commission established to settle border issues between the U. S. and Canada resolve American losses in British ship seizures and Loyalist losses during the War of Independence �Washington was still a widely admired man, but he came under sharp attack during this time �Jay resigned from the Supreme Court �Impact: significant because of the tremendous uproar it caused http: //www. xtimeline. com/__User. Pic_ Large/4754/ELT 200802010112056404 664. PNG http: //www. u-s-history. com/pages/h 455. html

Whiskey Rebellion of 1794 �A tax protest �Farmers who sold their corn in the form of whiskey had to pay a tax which was a part of Hamilton's program to pay off national debt �Tariff eliminated any profit by the farmers from the sale of an important cash crop �About 20 men were arrested, but all were later acquitted or pardoned �Impact: demonstrated that the new national government had the willingness and ability to suppress violent resistance to its laws http: //www. dlt. ncssm. edu/presidents/Lesson_P lans/Washington_Lesson_Plans/Political_Cart oon_LP/Cartoon_4_Whiskey_Rebellion. JPG http: //www. publicbookshelf. com/public_html/Th e_Great_Republic_By_the_Master_Historians_V ol_II/whiskeyre_if. html http: //www. earlyamerica. com/earlyamerica/milestones/whiskey/

Battle of Fallen Timbers (1974) � Final battle of the Northwest Indian War struggle between American Indian tribes affiliated with the Western Confederacy and the United States for control of the Northwest Territory � U. S. forces used their superior numbers and arms to advantage � The battle was a decisive victory for the United States � United States led by General Anthony Wayne http: //t 2. gstatic. com/images? q=tbn: ANd over a confederacy of native Americans led by 9 Gc. QDo-ZT 3 g. Me. V 8 C 2 e. S 3 SWHYx. Jn. Zwy 0 bz 5 ma. Zv. Eb. Ss. H 9 A 7 i 1 WGy. A 09 TFQ_X Miami Chief Little Turtle opened the Northwest Territory for white settlement � Impact: ended major hostilities in the region until Tecumseh's War and the Battle http: //www. u-s-history. com/pages/h 1015. html of Tippecanoe in 1811. http: //www. fallentimbersbattlefield. com/about. asp

Treaty of Greenville (1795) � Former contending forces gathered at Greenville (today in western Ohio) to sign peace agreement � Terms of the Treaty of Greenville included: The tribes agreed to surrender their claims to lands in the southeastern portion of the Northwest Territory The tribes gave up additional defined areas that were used by the whites as portages and fort locations. This category included Fort Detroit and the site of the future town of Chicago on Lake Michigan The United States government agreed to make an immediate payment of to $20, 000 in goods to the tribes, as well as annual payments of $9, 500 in goods to be divided among specified tribes The tribes retained the right to hunt throughout the area. � The Native Americans abided by the terms of the treaty � American settlers did not. New white settlements outside of the treaty area were established almost immediately � Impact: Resistance would emerge in the early years of the next century in lands slightly farther west http: //www. u-s-history. com/pages/h 1016. html

Naturalization Act 1795 �Repealed and replaced the Naturalization Act of 1790 �During the 1790's, many in U. S. were concerned with the growth in number of political refugees �Congress on January 29, 1795 modified the Act of 1790 �The 1795 Act differed from the 1790 Act by increasing the period of required residence from two to five years in the United States �Introduced the Declaration of Intention requirement, which created a two-step naturalization process �Conferred the status of citizen and not natural born citizen �Impact: people lived in the United States longer if they wanted to become a citizen http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Naturalization_Act_of_1795 http: //www. earlyamerica. com/earlyamerica/milestones/naturalization/

Pinckney Treaty With Spain (1795) � Thomas Pinckney, U. S. minister to Britain, was dispatched to Spain and won two highly wanted concessions: Spain recognized U. S. borders at the Mississippi and the 31 st parallel (the northern border of Florida, a Spanish possession) Spain granted Americans the right to deposit goods for transshipment at New Orleans � Spain granted these to the United States, not from fear of America's military might, but from concern over major power diplomatic realities � Impact: treaty allowed the U. S. to gain access to the area now known as the states of Mississippi and Alabama http: //upload. wikimedia. org/wikipedia/commons/ 7/70/Thomas_Pinckney. jpg http: //www. u-s-history. com/pages/h 454. html http: //www. earlyamerica. com/earlyamerica/milestones/sanlorenzo/

Washington’s Farewell Address �Was later named a "Farewell Address" �valedictory after 45 years of service to the new republic, first during the French and Indian War, through the American Revolution, and finally as the nation's first president �Warning against the rise of political parties and sectionalism as a threat to national unity �Foreign affairs – Washington called for America "to steer clear of permanent alliances with any portion of the foreign world" http: //www. loc. gov/rr/program/bib/ourdocs/farewell. html http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/George_Washington's_Farewell_Address

Washington’s Farewell Address � Warns the people to question the motives of any person or group of people who argue that the land within the borders of the United States is too large to be ruled as a republic � Strong warnings on the dangers of sectionalism, arguing that the true motives of a sectionalist are to create distrust or rivalries between regions and people to gain power and take control of the government � Washington argues that political parties must be restrained in a popularly elected government because of: their tendency to distract the government from their duties create unfounded jealousies among groups and regions raise false alarms amongst the people promote riots and insurrection provide foreign nations and interests access to the government where they can impose their will upon the country http: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/George_Washington's_Farewell_Address http: //www. loc. gov/rr/program/bib/ourdocs/farewell. html

Quotes � PRAISE � CRITICISM � “It wasn’t his generalship � “Washington's intellect, that made him stand out. . . It was the way he attended to and stuck by his men. His soldiers knew that he respected and cared for them, and that he would share their severe hardships. ” –Richard Neustadt � “America Needs a Leader Like George Washington”— John Ridpath http: //ariwatch. com/George. Washington. htm http: //www. michaelleestallard. com/george-washington-worthy-of-praise-2 was not of the very first order. ”—Thomas Jefferson � “Washington was guilty of nepotism, wasting public funds, coveting a monarchy and needlessly seeking war against France. ”— Benjamin Bache http: //www. npg. si. edu/exh/travpres/gws 3. htm http: //www. u-s-history. com/pages/h 459. html

Impact and Legacy �Became known as the “Father of Our Country” �Was the first president �Was a role model for future presidents �Was a leader for the country as well as for the army � His choice to not take a third term contributed powerfully to establishing a two term tradition for American presidents �His firm leadership gave a credibility to the new federal government that assured its survivability �His administration's fiscal policies brought sorely needed economic stability �His leadership kept the country safely removed from involvement in the Anglo-French conflicts of the 1790 s http: //gardenofpraise. com/ibdwash. htm The American Pageant 12 th Edition pg 201 http: //www. npg. si. edu/exh/travpres/gws 3. htm

BY: SARAH PARK PERIOD 7 DUE: OCTOBER 18, 2011