The Middles Ages lasted from the 5 th

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§ The Middles Ages lasted from the 5 th century to the 15 th

§ The Middles Ages lasted from the 5 th century to the 15 th century. § Began: 476 CE with the Fall of Rome § Ended 1492 CE with Columbus’ “discovery” of America § Is seen as the “middle” period between the Antiquity and the Modern period.

• By 285, the Roman Empire was too large to properly defend. •

• By 285, the Roman Empire was too large to properly defend. • The borders of the Empire were being attacked by various tribes. • The Romans had to hire some tribes to help them defend the empire.

• In 395, the Roman Empire was divided into 2 separate empires, each

• In 395, the Roman Empire was divided into 2 separate empires, each with its own Emperor. • More and more “barbarians” were being given Roman citizenship. • Some Emperors weren’t even Roman anymore.

§ In 476, the city of Rome fell to Odoacer, a Germanic military leader.

§ In 476, the city of Rome fell to Odoacer, a Germanic military leader. § He took the power from the last Western Emperor and became the first king of Italy. § This is seen as the end of the Western Roman Empire.

§ Although there were kings in Europe, most people couldn’t depend on them. §

§ Although there were kings in Europe, most people couldn’t depend on them. § Most people lived in isolated villages and towns. § Because the Roman road network wasn’t maintained, travelling took longer and was more dangerous. § Because of this, people had to depend on local lords for protection.

§ Northern and western Europe was targeted by the Vikings. § They were the

§ Northern and western Europe was targeted by the Vikings. § They were the people from Scandinavia (Norway, Sweden, Finland, Denmark). § Their raiders attacked villages, towns and monasteries. § With their ships, they could sail up rivers and attack inland.

§ The Magyars were the ancestors of present-day Hungarians. § From the east, they

§ The Magyars were the ancestors of present-day Hungarians. § From the east, they would raid central Europe.

§ Spain and Portugal were under the threat of attack from the Saracens. §

§ Spain and Portugal were under the threat of attack from the Saracens. § European Christians referred to Muslim Arabs as Saracens. § Spain was partially occupied by the Muslim Empire until the 15 th century.

§ The feudal system was the system of rights and responsibilities between people in

§ The feudal system was the system of rights and responsibilities between people in society.

§ King ruled over their kingdoms. § They gave land to the lords. §

§ King ruled over their kingdoms. § They gave land to the lords. § The lords had to provide money and knights for the king.

§ Lords were powerful nobles (dukes, counts, etc. ) § They ruled over their

§ Lords were powerful nobles (dukes, counts, etc. ) § They ruled over their land in the kingdom. § They gave land (fiefs) to their knights. § In exchange the knights had to fight for their lords.

§ Knights ruled over their land or fief. § A fief included one or

§ Knights ruled over their land or fief. § A fief included one or more villages. § The knight provided land protection to the peasants. § The peasants provided food and work for the knights.

§ Peasants received a lot of land to farm. § Peasants paid their taxes

§ Peasants received a lot of land to farm. § Peasants paid their taxes in food to the knight. § They also had to work some days in the knights’ fields. § Occasionally, peasants also fought in wars for their knight.

What do you see in this image? • The lord’s castle • Villagers’ houses

What do you see in this image? • The lord’s castle • Villagers’ houses • Mill (for grinding grain) • Fields • Pasture (for sheep, cows, etc. ) • Church

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