The Effect of Time Token Strategy on Eighth

The Effect of Time Token Strategy on Eighth Grade Students Speaking Skills at Smp Al-ijtihad 2 Siti Rismiyatul Hidayah 1588203075 English Education Study Program Teachers Training and Education Faculty Muhammadiyah University of Tangerang 1

Introduction 2

Background of the Problem English in Education English is a global language. As a global language, English is used in many things that we find in everyday life and in many types of modern technology, such as mobile phones, computers, social media, etc. English is one of the most widely studied and used international languages in communication between nations. Speaking is an important part of language learning, verbal language for communicating with others and can be practiced freely. Speaking is very important for students who are learning languages because speaking can convey something to others. Time Token is one of Cooperative Learning techniques that was developed by Arends in 1998. According to (Kilcher, 2010, p. 306) Cooperative learning is a teaching model or strategy that is characterized by cooperative tasks, goal and reward structures, and requires students to be actively engaged in discussion, 3 debate, tutoring, and teamwork.

Identification of the problem § Students are not confident to speak English directly in front of the teacher and classmates. § Students are not active in the learning process. § The teacher does not directly involve students in the learning process. § The strategies used by the teacher are not appropriate. § The teacher did not provide strategy for the students in speaking activities. Limitation of the problem § The researchers need to limit the problem to be studied. The researchers only limit the influence of strategy time tokens on students' speaking skills. 4

Formulation of the problem 01 Is there any significant effect of time token strategy on the eighth-grade student’s speaking skill at SMP Al-Ijtihad 2 ? Objectivee of the research 01 To determine whethere is an effect of the time token strategy on the speaking skills of eighth-grade students at SMP Al-Ijtihad 2. 5

Significance of the research THEORETICALLY It is expected to be an effort to change the classroom atmosphere by using time tokens to improve students 'speaking abilities and also be able to add insight and knowledge to learning English, especially students' speaking skills. 6

PRACTICALLY For the Researcher For the students For Students § Can provide experience § Increase the activity in planning learning by and creativity of implementing a students in the strategy time token to learning process, improve learning especially speaking innovation as skills. prospective educators. For the teacher • As a material consideration to make changes in increasing the variety of learning and also encourages teachers to find the best method of teaching speaking to students. For the school § It can be used as a reference to improve the quality of teaching and learning activities, especially improving students' speaking skills. 7

Theoretical Framework 8

SPEAKING Definition Hedge (2000, p. 261) explains “That speaking can be developed by combining knowledge of grammar, vocabulary, functional language and communicative skill”. Richards (2008, p. 19) argues that The mastery of speaking skills in English is a priority for many second language or foreign language learners. Consequently learners often evaluate their success in language learning as well as the effectiveness of their English course based on how much they feel they have improved in their spoken language proficiency. Speaking is a way to express, opinions, or feelings to others. Speaking is the most important key to communicating and interacting between people in social contexts. Also, it is considered a reversed process for transferring and receiving messages through the use of verbal expressions. Harmer (2002, p. 269) says Speaking skills have two elements features; they are language features and mental or social processing. 9

TIME TOKEN Definition Arends (2012, p. 384) states That time token is cooperative learning model where the students do cooperatives activities and help each other in understanding particular topic. Istarani (2011: 194) states Time token is very useful to promote student's social skills. Time token is used to promote students’social skill to avoid the active students dominate the class while the passive students quiet, the effective way is using time token. It means that, by using time token, there will be the time of talking which have been set and the chance for each student to speak. Huda (2014, p. 239) says Time token is a democratic teaching instruction technique which put students as the subject. During the instructional process, the activities of the students become the main focus. Time token is a learning strategy that involves students to convey information or ideas. Students are actively involved. In other words, this strategy is used to solve students' problems in speaking. 10

Teaching Procedure of Time Token The teacher explains the learning objectives or basic competencies. The teacher conditions the class to carry out classical discussions. The teacher gives assignments to the students. The teacher gives a number of talk coupons with a time + 30 seconds per class for each student. The teacher asks students to send coupons first before speaking or commenting. One coupon for one chance to speak. The teacher gives a number of values based on the time spent by each student in speaking.

Advantages of Time Token ü Encourage students to increase initiative and participation. ü Avoid the dominance of students who are good at talking or who don't speak at all. ü Helping students to be active in learning activities. ü Improving students' ability to communicate (speaking aspects). ü Train students to express opinions. ü Cultivating habits in students to listen to each other, share, provide input, and have an attitude of openness to criticism. ü Teach students to respect the opinions of others. ü Invite students to find solutions together to the problems faced. ü It does not require a lot of learning media. Disadvantages of Time Token ü It can only be used for certain subjects. ü It cannot be used in a class that has a large number of students. ü It requires a lot of time to prepare, in the learning process because all students must talk one by one according to the number of coupons they have. ü The tendency to put less pressure on students who are passive and allow active students not to participate more in class. 12

Relevant study Ike Choirunnisa Winardi (2018) • The Effect of Teaching Speaking Using Time Token to Students of the Tenth Grade At Sma Muhammadiyah Kediri in the Academic Year 2016/2017 Riaci Bertty Parlia, M. Kristiawan, Indra Johar (2016) • The Effect of Time Token Technique Towards Students’ Speaking Skill at Science Class at High School 1 Pariaman Tutut Sujiati (2016) • The Effect of Time Token Strategy on the Students’ English Speaking Ability of the Eighth Grade at Smpn 3 Wates in the Academic Year 2016/2017 13

Conceptual Framework Hypothesis of the Reseacrh 14

Research Methodology 15

METHOD OF THE RESEARCH PLACE AND TIME OF THE RESEARCH Place SMP Al-Ijtihad 2 Kutabumi Time This research method categorized as a quantitative research. And for the design of this research was a Quasi Experimental Method by using nonequivalent control group. Sep 2019 – April 2020 16

SAMPLE POPULATION Class Number of students Total VIII A VIII B VIII C VIII D 33 32 32 31 128 Detail Class Students Experimental Class VIII A 33 Controlled Class VIII B 32 Total 65

PRE-TEST TECHNIQUE OF COLLECTING DATA TREATMENT POST-TEST 18

Dependent Variable (Y) Conceptual definition Operationa l definition Research instrument Test of Validity and Realibility 19

Dependent Variable (Y) Conceptual definition Dependent Variable (X) Operational definition Conceptual definition Research instrument Operationa l definition Test of Validity and Realibility 20

THE STATISTICAL HYPOTHESIS Ho : µ 1 = µ 2 H 1 µ 1 ≠ µ 2 Pre-test Post-test Ho : µ 1 = µ 2 H 1 µ 1 ≠ µ 2 21

Technique for Analyzing Data STATISTIC DESCRIPTIVE Data Presentation Central Tendency Dispersion Statistic inferential Normality Chi Square Homogeneity Test Hypothesiss Test 22

Thank you 23