th 12 Grade LiteratureDay 22 C Epic vs

th 12 Grade Literature-Day 22 C: Epic vs. romance. MLA Review. 1. 2. Bell Ringer Epic vs. romance 3. MLA Review H: Begin Project 2.

Bell Ringer: (Mini-speeches) At the end of Part 4, whose response should we see as the more appropriate, Gawain's or that of both the Green Knight and the court?

Arthurian Legend: The Romance vs. The Epic reflects the values of the Heroic Age of kings, warriors, and mead halls. The Romance reflects the values of the Age of Chivalry represented in the legends of King Arthur.

The Epic vs. The Romance Epic Clear, realistic story Mystery and fantasy Rank and social distinctions not important/nonexistent Rank and social distinctions strongly stressed Love absent or a minor side detail Love supreme focus of a Romance Fighting motivated and serious Fighting spontaneous and very violent

The Epic vs. The Romance Epic Hero sober, simple man Group action (warriors) Emphasis on glory and transitions of life Tragic and serious adventures Hero playful, witty, and complicated Hero is isolated individual quests Emphasis on adventure and life to come More light-hearted story line

The Romance gave expression to the most cherished… Religious ideals Political ideals Courtly ideals

English Romance: Striking situations and unusual plots-mysterious

Notes: Literary devices…why are they important? Summarizing Page length PROOFREAD Old English is a language Slang Italics and titles New ideas in the conclusion Scholarly sources Contractions Present Tense Fragments In this quote. . Other examples of heroes

MLA 7 th Edition Formatting and Style Guide Purdue OWL Staff Brought to you in cooperation with the Purdue Online Writing Lab

MLA Update 2009 The 7 th Edition of MLA made the following updates/changes: • No more underlining (only use italics) • Inclusion of the publication medium (e. g. Print, Web, etc. ) • New abbreviations (e. g. , “N. p. ” for “no publisher given”)

Your Instructor Knows Best # 1 Rule for any formatting style: Always Follow your instructor’s guidelines

Format: General Guidelines An MLA Style Paper should: • Be typed on white 8. 5“ x 11“ paper • Double-space everything • Use 12 pt. Times New Roman (or similar) font • Leave only one space after punctuation • Set all margins to 1 inch on all sides • Indent the first line of paragraphs one half-inch

Format: General Guidelines (cont. ) An MLA Style Paper should: • Have a header with page numbers located in the upper right-hand corner • Use italics for titles • Place endnotes on a separate page before the Works Cited page

Formatting the 1 st Page The first page of an MLA Style paper will: • Have no title page • Double space everything • List your name, your instructor's name, the course, and date in the upper left-hand corner • Center the paper title (use standard caps but no underlining, italics, quote marks, or bold typeface) • Create a header in the upper right corner at half inch from the top and one inch from the right of the page (list your last name and page number here)

Sample 1 st Page

Formatting Section Headings are generally optional: • Headings in an essay should usually be numbered • Headings should be consistent in grammar and formatting but, otherwise, are up to you OR

Sample Section Headings Numbered (all flush left with no underlining, bold, or italics): Example: Unnumbered (by level): 1. Soil Conservation Level 1: bold, flush left 1. 1 Erosion Level 2: italics, flush left Example: 1. 2 Terracing Level 3: centered, bold 2. Water Conservation Level 4: centered, italics 3. Energy Conservation Level 5: underlined, flush left

In-Text Citations: the Basics Within the text MLA uses parenthetical citations: • The format of parenthetical citations depends on the medium (e. g. Print, Web, DVD, etc. ) • Parenthetical citations also depend on the source’s entry in the Works Cited page • The signal word in the text is the first thing in the corresponding Works Cited entry

Author-Page Style In-text Example: Wordsworth stated that Romantic poetry was marked by a “spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings” (263). Romantic poetry is characterized by the “spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings” (Wordsworth 263). Wordsworth extensively explored the role of emotion in the creative process (263). Corresponding Works Cited Entry: Wordsworth, William. Lyrical Ballads. London: Oxford UP, 1967. Print.

Print Source with Author For the following Print Source Burke, Kenneth. Language as Symbolic Action: Essays on Life, Literature, and Method. Berkeley: U of California P, 1966. Print. If the essay provides a signal word or phrase—usually the author’s last name—the citation does not need to also include that information. Example: Humans have been described by Kenneth Burke as “symbol using animals” (3). VS. Humans have been described as “symbol-using animals” (Burke 3).

With Unknown Author In-text Example, citing a work with no known author: We see so many global warming hotspots in North America likely because this region has “more readily accessible climatic data and more comprehensive programs to monitor and study environmental change…” (“Impact of Global Warming” 6).

With Unknown Author Corresponding Works Cited Entry: “The Impact of Global Warming in North America. ” Global Warming: Early Signs. 1999. Web. 23 Mar. 2009.

Other In-Text Citations 1 Classic & Literary Works with Multiple Editions In-text Example: Marx and Engels described human history as marked by class struggles (79; ch. 1). Authors with Same Last Names In-text Example: Although some medical ethicists claim that cloning will lead to designer children (R. Miller 12), others note that the advantages for medical research outweigh this consideration (A. Miller 46).

Other In-Text Citations 2 Work by Multiple Authors In-text Examples: Smith, Yang, and Moore argue that tougher gun control is not needed in the United States (76). The authors state “Tighter gun control in the United States erodes Second Amendment rights” (Smith, Yang, and Moore 76). Jones et al. counter Smith, Yang, and Moore's argument, noting that the current spike in American gun violence compels law makers to adjust gun laws (4).

Other In-Text Citations 3 Multiple Works by the Same Author In-text Examples: Lightenor has argued that computers are not useful tools for small children (“Too Soon” 38), though he has acknowledged elsewhere that early exposure to computer games does lead to better small motor skill development in a child's second and third year (“Hand-Eye Development” 17). Visual studies, because it is such a new discipline, may be “too easy” (Elkins, “Visual Studies” 63).

Other In-Text Citations 4 Citing Multivolume Works In-text Example: … as Quintilian wrote in Institutio Oratoria (1: 14 -17). Citing the Bible In-text Example: Ezekiel saw “what seemed to be four living creatures, ” each with the faces of a man, a lion, an ox, and an eagle (New Jerusalem Bible, Ezek. 1: 5 -10).

Other In-Text Citations 5 Citing Indirect Sources In-text Example: Ravitch argues that high schools are pressured to act as “social service centers, and they don't do that well” (qtd. in Weisman 259). Multiple Citations In-text Example: … as has been discussed elsewhere (Burke 3; Dewey 21).

Other In-Text Citations 6 Miscellaneous Non-Print Sources In-text Example: Werner Herzog's Fitzcarraldo stars Herzog's long-time film partner, Klaus Kinski. During the shooting of Fitzcarraldo Herzog and Kinski were often at odds, but their explosive relationship fostered a memorable and influential film. Corresponding Works Cited Entry: Herzog, Werner, dir. Fitzcarraldo. Perf. Klaus Kinski. Filmverlag der Autoren, 1982. Film.

Other In-Text Citations 7 Sources from the Internet In-text Example: One online film critic has argued that Fitzcarraldo is “…a beautiful and terrifying critique of obsession and colonialism” (Garcia, “Herzog: a Life”). Corresponding Works Cited Entry: Garcia, Elizabeth. “Herzog: a Life. ” Online Film Critics Corner. The Film School of New Hampshire, 2 May 2002. Web. 8 Jan. 2009.

Formatting Short Quotations In-text Quotation Examples: According to some, dreams express “profound aspects of personality” (Foulkes 184), though others disagree. According to Foulkes's study, dreams may express “profound aspects of personality” (184). Is it possible that dreams may express “profound aspects of personality” (Foulkes 184)? Cullen concludes, “Of all the things that happened there / That's all I remember” (11 -12).

Formatting Long Quotations, In-text Example: Nelly Dean treats Heathcliff poorly and dehumanizes him throughout her narration: They entirely refused to have it in bed with them, or even in their room, and I had no more sense, so, I put it on the landing of the stairs, hoping it would be gone on the morrow. By chance, or else attracted by hearing his voice, it crept to Mr. Earnshaw's door, and there he found it on quitting his chamber. Inquiries were made as to how it got there; I was obliged to confess, and in recompense for my cowardice and inhumanity was sent out of the house. (Bronte 78)

Adding/Omitting Words In-text Example for Adding Words: Jan Harold Brunvand, in an essay on urban legends, states: “some individuals [who retell urban legends] make a point of learning every rumor or tale” (78). In-text example for Omitting Words: In an essay on urban legends, Jan Harold Brunvand notes that “some individuals make a point of learning every recent rumor or tale. . . and in a short time a lively exchange of details occurs” (78).

Works Cited Page: The Basics Sample Works Cited Page:

Works Cited page: Books Basic Format of the Works Cited Page: Lastname, Firstname. Title of Book. Place of Publication: Publisher, Year of Publication. Medium of Publication. Examples: Gillespie, Paula, and Neal Lerner. The Allyn and Bacon Guide to Peer Tutoring. Boston: Allyn, 2000. Print. Gleick, James. Chaos: Making a New Science. New York: Penguin, 1987. Print. Palmer, William J. Dickens and New Historicism. New York: St. Martin's, 1997. Print. ---. The Films of the Eighties: A Social History. Carbondale: Southern Illinois UP, 1993. Print.

Works Cited Page: Periodicals Article in a Magazine Format Author(s). “Title of Article. ” Title of Periodical Day Month Year: pages. Medium of publication. Example: Buchman, Dana. “A Special Education. ” Good Housekeeping Mar. 2006: 143 -8. Print. Article in Scholarly Journal Format Author(s). “Title of Article. ” Title of Journal Volume. Issue (Year): pages. Medium of publication. Example: Duvall, John N. “The (Super)Marketplace of Images: Television as Unmediated Mediation in De. Lillo's White Noise. ” Arizona Quarterly 50. 3 (1994): 127 - 53. Print.

Works Cited Page: Web Source Format: Editor, author, or compiler name (if available). “Article Name. ” Name of Site. Version number. Name of institution/organization affiliated with the site (sponsor or publisher). Date of last update. Medium of publication. Date of access.

Works Cited Page: Web Examples: Bernstein, Mark. “ 10 Tips on Writing the Living Web. ” A List Apart: For People Who Make Websites. A List Apart Mag. , 16 Aug. 2002. Web. 4 May 2009. Felluga, Dino. Guide to Literary and Critical Theory. Purdue U, 28 Nov. 2003. Web. 10 May 2006. “How to Make Vegetarian Chili. ” e. How. com. e. How. n. d. Web. 24 Feb. 2009.

Works Cited Page: Other Personal Interview Example: Elliot, Anne. Personal interview. 1 Dec. 2000. Speech Example: Stein, Bob. Computers and Writing Conference. Purdue University. Union Club Hotel, West Lafayette, IN. 23 May 2003. Keynote address.

Works Cited Page: Other Film Example: The Usual Suspects. Dir. Bryan Singer. Perf. Kevin Spacey, Gabriel Byrne, Chazz Palminteri, Stephen Baldwin, and Benecio del Toro. Polygram, 1995. Film.

Where to Go to Get More Help Purdue University Writing Lab Heavilon 226 Web: http: //owl. english. purdue. edu/ Phone: (765) 494 -3723 Email: owl@owl. english. purdue. edu

The End MLA 7 th Edition Formatting Style Guide Brought to you in cooperation with the Purdue Online Writing Lab

SGGK Part 2 Reading Questions 1. Roughly how much time has passed between the end of Part I and the beginning of Part II? Nearly one full year 2. What is ironic about what is taking place at the beginning of Part II and Gawain’s situation? 1. The people of Camelot are celebrating again as Gawain goes off to meet his fate; it is All Saints Day- the day after Halloween; appx. November 1 3. What does the poet describe with poetic detail in the beginning of Part II? The passing of the seasons 4. What does Gawain tell Arthur he must do? He must meet his fate… “Should I waste my time with fear? Whether pleasant or wild, fate must be put to the test”

5. How do the people of Camelot react to Gawain’s departure? “Warm tears rolled in their eyes as they watched that lovely knight riding away” 6. How does Gawain dress for his journey? He is dressed for battle with armor and shield…lines 566 -664 7. Who is Gringolet and how is he described? Gringolet is Gawain’s horse and is also richly adorned and dressed for battle. 8. What does Gawain have on his shield and what does it symbolize? The Pentangle (5)… 5 senses, 5 fingers, 5 joys of Mary, Christ’s 5 wounds, and the 5 knightly virtues. 9. What are Gawain’s five virtues? Love, friendship, freedom from sin, courtesy, and pity

Gawain’s Shield In the poem, Gawain’s shield is very clearly described as a golden pentangle on a field of red. The pentangle, the poem goes on to tell us, represents Gawain’s Five Fifths. The pentangle is also called the “endless knot. ” In medieval symbology, red signifies humility as the blood of Christ Gold signifies perfection.

1 – one for each of the pentangle’s points – wherein he far excelled all other knights. The first of these “Five Fifths” was his faultlessness in his five senses. from: http: //faculty. uca. edu/~jona/second/ggknotes. htm#id 008

2 Gawain was said to possess five qualities wherein he far excelled all other knights, cont. The next (second) of these “Five Fifths” was his faultlessness in his five fingers. from: http: //faculty. uca. edu/~jona/second/ggknotes. htm#id 008

Gawain was said to possess five qualities wherein he far excelled all other knights, cont. 3 The next (third) of these “Five Fifths” was the strength Gawain drew from his devotion to the “five wounds of Christ. ” from: http: //faculty. uca. edu/~jona/second/ggknotes. htm#id 008

Gawain was said to possess five qualities wherein he far excelled all other knights, cont. 4 The next (fourth) of these “Five Fifths” was the strength Gawain drew from his devotion to the “five joys of Mary. ”

The five joys of Mary are also known as The Five Joyful Mysteries of the Rosary. They are: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. the Annunciation the Nativity the Resurrection the Ascension the Assumption

5 Gawain was said to possess five qualities wherein he far excelled all other knights, cont. The last of these “Five Fifths” was Gawain’s well-known practice of the “five social graces. ”

The five social graces which Gawain exemplifies above all others are: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. free-giving (generosity) brotherly love chastity pure manners (courtesie) piety from: http: //faculty. uca. edu/~jona/second/ggknotes. htm#id 008

Gawain faced 5 challenges 1. to voluntarily confront the Green Knight 2. to strike his blow properly 3. to keep his vow to meet the Green Knight in a year and a day. 4. to survive journey to the green chapel 5. to resist the lady’s temptations from: http: //faculty. uca. edu/~jona/second/ggknotes. htm#id 008

10. How is Gawain’s journey described? How is the actual terrain described? He encounters dragons, wolves, crazy woodsmen, bulls, bears, boars and giants Lines 714 -725 11. Where does Gawain stop along his journey? How is he received at this place? At a castle; He is honored and revered- the servants bow to him, take his horse and Gawain’s armor and give him warm clothes. 12. Describe the Host? What event is held by the Host? Extremely warm and welcoming; respectful and honored. He welcomes Gawain (even though he didn’t know who he was) and tells him to treat his home as his own. “Everything here is yours…” l. 835

13. Describe the two ladies that come to Gawain. How are they different? The lady of the castle and an old dame; the lady is beautiful, more so than Guenevere and the dame was old and ugly…line 940 14. What does Gawain tell the Host about the purpose of his journey? What does the Host offer? Gawain says he has to find the Green Chapel and Green Knight and his time is running out. He tells Gawain that he knows where the Green Chapel is and that it is only 2 miles away. He tells Gawain to stay a few more days and he will have a guide show him the way. 15. What “covenant” or agreement do the Host and Gawain make at the end of Part II? What does this agreement remind you of from Part I? Ø The covenant is a test of loyalty…the lord will give the spoils of his hunt to Gawain and Gawain will give the lord whatever he receives while staying behind at the castle.

PART 2 (lines 491 -1104, pp. 168 -181) 1. When does Gawain leave Arthur's court? 2. What color is Gawain's armor? (See lines 603, 619. ) 3. What appears on the outside of his shield? What appears on the inside? What does the pentangle stand for? What, especially, do the fifth five mean? (In the original, the five are fraunchyse, felawschyp, clannes, cortaysye, and pité. ) The author stresses that all of the fives are linked (lines 656 -661). What happens in such a structure if any one of the elements gives way? 4. What route does Gawain follow? Can you trace it on the map inside the front cover of the book? What sorts of adventures does he encounter?

5. The "Christmas Eve" of line 734 is actually the evening of December 23. What does Gawain fear he will miss on December 24 (lines 750 -762)? What happens after Gawain's prayer? 6. How is Gawain received in the castle? How does the lord of the castle respond? How would you describe the lord of the castle? 7. 8. What do the castle residents expect once they know it is Gawain (lines 908 -927)? In other words, what is Gawain well-known for? How well does Gawain maintain his Christmas Eve fast?

• 9. What two women does Gawain meet after evensong? How are they described? How does Gawain behave with the women? • 10. The dates get confusing at line 1020, since one day seems to be omitted. "That day and all the next" of line 1020 refer to Christmas day and December 26 (St. Stephen's Day). "St. John's Day" of line 1022 is December 27. What appears to be missing, according to the poem's most recent editors, is a line or two after line 1022 referring to December 28, Holy Innocents' Day, the last of the three major feasts following Christmas. Thus "the last of their like for those lords and ladies" (line 1023) would refer to the "joys" of December 28, and the guests would "go in the gray morning" (line 1024) of December 29 (which in England is the Feast of St. Thomas à Becket, murdered in Canterbury Cathedral by associates of King Henry II on Christmas Day 1170). The three days described in Part 3 are thus December 29, 30, and 31, and at the beginning of Part 4 Gawain leaves for the Green Chapel on January 1. • 11. Why does Gawain tell the lord he has to leave? What surprising news does the lord have for him? What does Gawain then decide to do? • 12. What arrangements does the lord propose for Gawain and himself for the next day? How does Gawain respond?