Symbiosis Symbiosis Living closely together A partnership Two

Symbiosis

Symbiosis • Living closely together • A partnership • Two different species

Animal Kingdom Examples • • Nile crocodile & crocodile bird Hermit crab & sea anemone Buffalo & oxpecker Shark & remora fish

Hermit Crab & Sea Anemone • Hermit crab – Protection from the Sea anemone • Sea anemone – Gets leftover food http: //www. ms-starship. com/sciencenew/symbiosis. htm

Buffalo & Oxpecker • Buffalo – Lets the bird eat • Oxpecker – Eats ticks and other parasites off skin – Warns buffalo of danger http: //www. pbs. org/wnet/nature/enemies/partners. html

Lichen • Slow growing plants • Partnership: fungi & algae • Neither could live alone

Relationships • Commensalism • Mutualism • Parasitism

What are the different kinds of symbiosis? Mutualism Commensalism one organism Both benefits Organisms benefit one organism is unaffected Parasitism one organism benefits one organism is harmed

Crocodile & Bird • Nile crocodile – Usually eats animals – Allows bird to walk around its mouth • Crocodile bird – Cleans parasites in croc’s teeth – Removes and eats scraps of food – Eats harmful leeches and parasites

Mutualism • Both organisms derive mutual benefit • Intimate and obligatory • Neither can survive without the other • Tickbirds and rhinos • Clownfish & sea anemone

Example: Moray Eel with Cleaner Fish Moray Eel gets a clean mouth Cleaner Fish gets a meal Mutualism: both benefit

Example • Bees get food • Flowers get pollinated

Example: Clown fish with anemone Clown fish gets protection Anemone eats fish predators Mutualism: both benefit

Antelope gets rid of parasites Oxbird gets a meal Example Antelope with Oxbird Mutualism: both benefit

Commensalism • “eating together at the same table” • Only one member benefits – sharing space, defense, shelter, food • Neither will die if relationship is ended • Shrimp & sea cucumber http: //www. ms-starship. com/sciencenew/symbiosis. htm

Example: Cattle with cattle egrets Cattle stir up insects as they eat grass Egrets hang around and eat insects Commensalism: one benefits, one is unaffected

Example: Commensalism • Birds nesting in a tree

Certain species of millipede and silverfish inhabit the nests of army ants and live by scavenging on the refuse of their hosts, but without affecting the ants.

Parasitism • Not symbiotic • Causes harm to host

Example: Taenia worm in human eye Worm infects human blood stream Human may go blind Parasitism: one benefits, one is harmed

ONE EXAMPLE OF PARISITISM • Ticks on a deer.

Example: Parasitism • Female mosquito uses human blood to develop eggs • Human gets an ichy bite!

Some video examples • Use the worksheet to make predictions about the relationships between the animal pairs. • As we watch the video fill in the worksheet. • http: //www. pbs. org/wnet/nature/lessons/sy mbiotic-strategies/video-segments/1496/