Subject Name Computer Communication Networks Subject Code 10
Subject Name: Computer Communication Networks Subject Code: 10 EC 71 Prepared By: Kala H S & Megha Gupta Department: ECE Date: 12/24/2021
Unit - 6 LOGICAL ADDRESSING 12/24/2021
TOPICS TO BE COVERED • IPv 4 Addresses • IPv 6 Addresses 12/24/2021
IPv 4 ADDRESSES • An IPv 4 address is a 32 -bit address that uniquely and universally defines the connection of a device (for example, a computer or a router) to the Internet. • An Ipv 4 address is 32 bits long. • The address space of IPv 4 is 232 or 4, 294, 967, 296. 12/24/2021
Address Space • An address space is the total number of addresses used by the protocol. • If a protocol uses N bits to define an address, the address space is 2 N because each bit can have two different values (0 or 1) and N bits can have 2 N values. • The address space of IPv 4 is 232 or 4, 294, 967, 296. 12/24/2021
Notations • There are two notations to show an IPv 4 address: Binary Notation and Dotted –Decimal Notation. • BINARY NOTATION The IPv 4 address is displayed as 32 bits. • DOTTED-DECIMAL NOTATION The IPv 4 address is written in decimal form with a decimal point (dot) separating the bytes to make IPv 4 address compact and easy to read. • Dotted-decimal notation and binary notation for an IPv 4 address: 12/24/2021
Classful Addressing • In classful addressing, the address space is divided into five classes: A, B, C, D, and E. 12/24/2021
• Number of blocks and block size in classful IPv 4 addressing: • In classful addressing, a large part of the available addresses were wasted. 12/24/2021
• Default masks for classful addressing: • Classful addressing, which is almost obsolete, is replaced with classless addressing. 12/24/2021
Classless Addressing • In classless addressing , there are no classes, but the addresses are still granted in blocks. • In IPv 4 addressing, a block of addresses can be defined as x. y. z. t /n in which x. y. z. t defines one of the addresses and the /n defines the mask. • The first address in the block can be found by setting the rightmost 32 − n bits to 0 s. • The last address in the block can be found by setting the rightmost 32 − n bits to 1 s. 12/24/2021
Network Address Translation • NAT enables a user to have a large set of addresses internally and one address or small set of address externally. • Addresses for private networks • A NAT implementation 12/24/2021
• Addresses in a NAT • NAT address translation 12/24/2021
IPv 6 ADDRESSES • An IPv 6 address consists of 16 bytes (octets) • An Ipv 6 address is 128 bits long. • It specifies hexadecimal colon notation. In this notation 128 bits is divided into eight sections, each two bytes in length. • Abbreviated IPv 6 addresses 12/24/2021
• Prefixes for provider based unicast address • Multicast address in Ipv 6 12/24/2021
• Reserved addresses in Ipv 6 • Local addresses in IPv 6 12/24/2021
IPv 4 • The Internet Protocol version 4 (IPv 4) is the delivery mechanism used by the TCP/IP protocols. Datagram • Packets in the IPv 4 layer are called datagrams. • A datagram is a variable length packet consisting of two parts: header and data. • The header is 20 to 60 bytes in length and contains information essential to routing and delivery. 12/24/2021
Fragmentation • A datagram can travel through different networks. Each router decapsulates the IPv 4 datagram from the frame it receives , processes it, and then encapsulates it in another frame. • Maximum Transfer Unit (MTU) • Fragmentation example 12/24/2021
IPv 6 • Packet format 12/24/2021
Acknowledgement : MY SINCERE THANKS TO • THE AUTHOR PROF. BEHROUZ A FOROUZAN. BECAUSE THE ABOVE PRESENTATION MATERIALS ARE HEAVILY BORROWED FROM HIS TEXTBOOK “DATA COMMUNICATION & NETWORKING” 4 TH EDITION, PUBLISHER TATA MCGRAW HILL • SURESHA V. PROFESSOR, DEPT. OF E&C, KVG COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING. SULLIA, D. K - 574 327 By Kala H S & Megha Gupta Assistant Professor 12/24/2021
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