Social and Emotional Development in Early Childhood Chapter

Social and Emotional Development in Early Childhood Chapter 8

Erikson’s Stage-Initiative vs. Guilt Psychological conflict of Early Childhood n Resolved positively through play experiences that foster healthy sense of initiative and development of conscience that is not overly strict n Play is important to preschoolers n

Phallic Stage-Freud Sexual impulses transfer to genital region of body n Oedipus Conflict-boy desires to posses mother and hostile towards father n Electra conflict-girl desires to posses father and feels hostile toward mother n

Self Concept n n Sum of total attributes, abilities, attitudes and values that an individual believes to help define who he/she is Preschoolers-describe self using concrete terms (name, physical appearance, possession, and everyday behaviors) Can describe emotions, and beliefs and attitudes by 3 ½. Firmer sense of self allows for cooperation

Self-Esteem Preschoolers usually rate on abilities as extremely high and underestimate difficulty of task. n Desire to master new skills n Even a little criticism can undermine a preschooler’s self-esteem and enthusiasm for learning n

Emotional Development Rise in self-conscious emotions such as shame, embarrassment, guilt, envy and pride n Preschoolers can interpret, predict, and change other’s feeling n Fears are common n Vivid imaginations n

Empathy Begins to develop at this age n Modeled after parents response to emotional event n

Parten’s types of play n n Nonsocial activity- unoccupied, onlooker behavior and solitary play Parallel play-child plays near other children with similar materials but does not interact with them Associative play-children are engaged in separate activities but they interact by exchanging toys and commenting on one another’s behavior Cooperative play-occurs when children’s actions are directed toward a common goal

Sociodramatic play Role play and dramatic play n Common during preschool years n

First Friendships Important in these years to social emotional development n Friendship-pleasurable play and sharing of toys-no long term enduring qualities at this time n

Discipline Positive reinforcement-model appropriate behavior, consistency with rules, warm and responsive n Punishment-can promote momentary compliance n Harsh punishment-models aggression, avoidance of punishing adult, should be avoided n

Alternatives to Punishment Time-out n Withdrawal of privileges n Positive discipline n

Gender Typing Developing gender roles n Age 2 children can label on gender and of other persons n Family teachers and peers and television can influence gender typing with preschoolers n

Parenting Styles n Authoritative-rational, democratic approach u Happy, self-confident, and self-control in child Authoritarian- demanding and low in responsive to children’s needs. anxious, withdrawn, and unhappy and hostile Permissive-undemanding immature, have difficulty controlling impulses, overly demanding and depended on adults