Serious and Organised Crime Group Human Trafficking Modern

Serious and Organised Crime Group Human Trafficking & Modern Slavery Tony Bradshaw Operation Tropic TOTAL POLICING

• People trafficking is the fastest growing means by which people are enslaved. • The fastest growing international crime. • One of the largest sources of income for organised crime groups. TOTAL POLICING

HTMS FACTS 45 Million people live in slavery today 13000 Modern Day Slaves within the UK 800000 Trafficked across International borders each year 21 Million Victims of forced labour Criminality worth Half a Trillion dollars 1 in 4 victims are children Reports suggest that Traffickers are changing cargo from drugs to humans as its lower risk Online recruitment growing TOTAL POLICING

NRM Statistics 2017 Data supplied courtesy of National Crime Agency d TOTAL POLICING

NRM Statistics 2017 5145 potential victims were submitted to the NRM in 2017, this was a 35% increase on 2016 reports. Reports showed potential victims from 116 different nationalities in 2017. Albanian, UK and Vietnamese nationals were the most Commonly reported potential victims. The most common exploitation type recorded for both adults and minors was labour exploitation. Minors exploitation referrals for 2017 in the UK increased 66% compared to 2016, this is due in part to an increase in County Lines gang exploitation referrals. Data supplied courtesy of National Crime Agency TOTAL POLICING

PUSH and PULL FACTORS Poverty Fear Disaster Unemployed War Disaster Medical Care (lack of) Opportunity (lack of) Slavery Safety Opportunity Stability Freedom Work Education Benefits Family links TOTAL POLICING

Trafficking Definition The Act: WHAT is done The ACT of the recruitment, transportation, transfer, harbouring or the receipt of persons The Means: HOW it is done by MEANS of the threat or use of force or other forms of coercion, of abduction, of fraud, of deception, of the abuse of power, or of a position of vulnerability, or of the giving or receiving of payments or benefits to achieve the consent of a person having control over another person. or other forms of coercion, The Purpose: WHY it is done for the PURPOSE of exploitation. Children are considered those under the age of 18. When applying the definition to a child “THE MEANS” does not need to be present TOTAL POLICING

The difference between Human Trafficking & Smuggling TOTAL POLICING

Sexual Exploitation Organ Trafficking Benefit Fraud Child Sexual Exploitation Domestic Servitude Baby Farming Compulsory Labour Drug Trade Forced Begging Street Crime Forced Labour TOTAL POLICING County Lines & Gangs

General Indicators 1. Historic lack of access to medical care 2. Limited social contact 3. Limited contact with family 4. Don’t know home or work address 5. Perception of being bonded by debt 6. Inconsistent story 7. Fearful of being handed over to authorities 8. Threats against the individual or their family members 9. Being placed in a dependency situation. 10. No or limited access to bathroom/hygiene facilities 11. Fearful or unusually timid/submissive 12. Overbearing companion or family TOTAL POLICING

Indicators reported by Medical Professionals Category Indicators of modern slavery reported by health professionals Further indicators of modern slavery that may present to health care services General • Accompanied by someone who appears controlling, who insists on giving information and coming to see the health care worker. • Struggles to speak English. • Appears to be moving location frequently. • No official means of identification or has suspicious documents. • Reports of overcrowded accommodation. • Different men being seen in patient’s home. • Reports of poor living/working conditions. • Patient reporting long working hours/little or no pay. • Not registered with a GP. Data supplied by UNSEEN modern slavery helpline • Vague and inconsistent information, is reluctant to explain how the injury occurred or give medical history. • Vague information of where they live, their employment or schooling. • Experience of being moved locally, regionally, nationally or internationally. • May only have English vocabulary that relates to their exploitation. • Reluctance to give immigration status. • May not recognise themselves as being trafficked. TOTAL POLICING

Indicators reported by Medical Professionals Physical Sexual Psychological • Long term multiple injuries. • Physical trauma. • Dental pain. • Vague symptoms including gastrological (abdominal pain), musculoskeletal (back ache), neurological (head ache). • Fatigue. • Old or serious injuries left untreated • Injuries of assault or controlling measures. • Further neurological symptoms such as dizzy spells and memory loss. • Cardiovascular symptoms. • Tattoos or other marks on the body that could indicate ownership. • Sexually transmitted diseases. • Gynaecological symptoms • Pregnancy (late booking). including urinary tract and unwanted pregnancies. vaginal infection (could also be • Sexual abuse and trauma. recurrent), pelvic inflammation, pain, excessive vaginal bleeding and irregular bleeding. • Post-traumatic stress, • Withdrawn and submissive, • Substance misuse. seems afraid. • Suicidal ideation, isolation, poor self-esteem, self-worth and loss of control. Data supplied by UNSEEN modern slavery helpline TOTAL POLICING

What do I do if I I am presented with Potential Victim of Trafficking • No questioning should take place in the presence of other women or men recovered. • Do not allow other persons apparently known to the victim to interpret (they may be complicit in offences) • Use language line or an interpreter if required. • Listen to the account given (First account in IRB) • What should I be asking? • Is there anyone else that needs our help? TOTAL POLICING

Type of questions you need to consider Why did you come to the UK? Who arranged your travel? How did you get here? Do you owe money for your trip? What did you expect when you came? What did you end up doing? Were you or are you scared of anyone? Where are your travel Documents When did you speak to your family last? Do you have your own phone or access to a land line? Suggested topics can be found on our debrief document which is on our intranet page TOTAL POLICING

The National Referral Mechanism The UK has adopted a National Referral Mechanism to help identify individuals who may be victims of trafficking & provide appropriate protection & support. TOTAL POLICING

UKMSU 24/7 0844 778 2406 SALVATION ARMY 0300 3038151 UNSEEN Modern Slavery Helpline 08000 121 700 RModern. Slavery@herts. pnn. police. uk Intranet page contains links to all documents, Frequently asked questions and answers, De-brief guide, Legislation and useful contacts TOTAL POLICING

Four trials find 17 men and one woman guilty of nearly 100 offences including rape and human trafficking of vulnerable A young woman was trafficked into the UK to work as a women and girls prostitute and raped by her pimp at a brothel run from the former home of serial killers Fred and Rose West, a court heard. The 22 year-old Czech national was one of many women lured to Britain to be sold for sex at brothels in London and the west country. Eddezider Herak, 36, her alleged pimp, is said to have raped her at the two-storey house in Midland Road, Gloucester before his mother Ludmila Nistorova, 53, sold her off to a man for £ 1, 000. TOTAL POLICING

Like other prominent child sex grooming cases, Shelter’s offenders utilised the “boyfriend model” where a vulnerable person is encouraged to believe they are in a loving relationship with their abuser. TOTAL POLICING

The victims, all females between 13 and 25, were targeted because they were vulnerable and because they were less likely to complain because of their circumstances, the prosecution argued. The court heard accounts of young women who were drugged before waking up to find themselves undressed, having been sexually assaulted. Northumbria police’s chief constable described the sexual exploitation of vulnerable people as “the challenge of our generation”. He added: “Operation Sanctuary was the most complex investigation in the force’s history. TOTAL POLICING

Hunka, Sarissky, and Herak, all of The court heard how girls came to trust the defendants, no fixed address, Nistorova, of particularly Rahim – known as Sham – who introduced Gloucester, Viragova, and Virag, them to other men in the group. both of Tooting deny conspiring to traffic young women into the UK On April 2014, an 18 -year-old victim fell asleep while and within the UK for sexual intoxicated by mephedrone. exploitation and conspiring to She awoke to her find herself on a bed with her trousers control prostitution. down, Rahim next to her and a wardrobe against the door. She said Rahim told her: “We just done it. ” He was convicted of rape. Rahim attempted to persuade victims to have sex with his friends, with one victim saying she did it “out of loyalty to him”. Rahim argued that all of the witnesses testifying against him were liars, that the police were racist and that he was a victim. TOTAL POLICING

Habibur Rahim jailed for 29 years Jahanger Zaman jailed for 29 years Eisa Mousavi jailed for 20 years Abdulhamid Minoyee jailed for 15 years Mohammed Azram sentenced to 12 years 6 months Abdul Sabe sentenced to 12 years Nashir Uddin sentenced to 11 -and-a-half-years Saiful Islam jailed for 10 years Taherul Alom jailed for 8 years Mohammed Hassan Ali jailed for 7 years Carolann Gallon sentenced to 6 years 3 months Monjur Choudhury sentenced to five years Prabhat Nelli sentenced to four years Yasser Hussain jailed for 2 years TOTAL POLICING

Operation Tropic A small unit co-ordinating Hertfordshire Constabulary's response to HTMS RModern. Slavery@herts. pnn. police. uk Manage NRM & MS 1 referrals Intelligence Development Manage Pre-planned Operation Reception Centres Tier 5 Tactical Interview advice Multiagency links Specialist Trafficking advice Access to Emergency accommodation for PVOT Outside of Force ABE interviews Attendance at Warrants OP Aidant (monthly operations) TOTAL POLICING