Secession of Katanga 1960 1965 Focus for Contextualisation
- Slides: 24
Secession of Katanga 1960 - 1965
Focus for Contextualisation • Why did Katanga secede from independent Congo? • What were the immediate effects of this secession? • In what ways did the secession of Katanga develop an international dimension? • In what way was Ireland involved in the Secession of Katanga?
Belgium & Congo
Province of Katanga was the richest province in the Congo Source of uranium used in atomic bombs Mining companies had introduced, in some places, welfare programmes and education for its employees By 1950, one-third of the entire population of the Congo was Christian No educated native elite** N. B.
The Congo at Independence • • • Former Belgian colony 2. 3 million square miles 75 times larger than Belgium 13 million native Congolese 100, 000 white (mainly Belgian) settlers Congo contained about 200 separate & distinct tribes (own language) = ‘Ethnic Groups’
Key Personalities: Belgian King Leopold II 1835 – 1909 King Baudouin 1930 – 1993 King of Belgium ‘Mwana Kitoko’ 1951 - 1993
Key Personalities: Congolese Patrice Lumumba 1925 - 1961 st 1 leader of independent Congo (67 days) (MNC) Moise Tshombe 1919 – 1969 Pro-Belgian leader of Katanga (Conakat Party) Joseph Kasavubu 1910 – 1969 st 1 President of Republic of Congo (Abako Party)
Independence Movements • ABAKO: tribal organisation based on support of Kongo people • CONAKAT: Led by Moise Tshombe, this Katangan group wanted to retain ties with Belgium and local selfgovernment for Katanga • Congolese National Movement (MNC): Wanted a united, independent Congolese Nationalist movement, seeking a national, rather than tribal, support. Led by Patrice Lumumba
Independence Approaches • President General de Gaulle of France announced a new departure in 1958, opening up the possibility & choice of independence for French colonies • This would affect large parts of the African continent e. g. Morocco, Algeria, The Congo, Sudan etc. • Rioting broke out in Leopoldville in January 1959. • In response, Belgian authorities agreed to local elections and a promise of future independence. • 120 political groups contested these elections, mostly along tribal lines of allegiance. • Only the MNC set a nationwide, electoral manifesto.
The ‘Roundtable Conference’ 18 th – 27 th January 1960 • Kasavubu, Lumumba & Tshombe invited to Brussels to discuss the future of the Congo with Belgian Government
1960: Independence of Congo Democratic Republic of Congo & Secession of Katanga
• 1960 – Congo declared free by Belgium – Democratic Republic of the Congo – Province of Katanga attempted to secede – civil war – United Nations troops kept peace for four years – Former president of Katanga, Moise Tshombe, became prime minister in 1964
Independence of Congo & Secession of Katanga 1960 - 1965 A Chronology of Events, Personalities & Conflicts
1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966
June 1960 - Congo becomes independent Patrice Lumumba: Prime Minister 1959 1960 1961 Joseph Kasavubu: President 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966
July 1960: Army Mutiny & Katangan Secession Tshombe declares Katanga independent (secession) (11 th July) Congolese Army Mutiny (5 th July) • • • Issue over no pay raise to army, while all other Government employees received a pay raise Rank & file soldiers of Force Publique rebelled against Officer Corps (mainly foreigners) Rioting & looting throughout Leopoldville. ‘Africanise’ the army: Armee Nationale Congolaise (ANC) Belgian forces brought in, without permission, to protect Belgian settles and mining interests 1959 1960 1961 1962 • • • Tshombe declared Katanga independent a couple of days later Supported by Belgian troops (6, 000) & powerful business & industrial interests (companies) “Seceding from chaos“: Tshombe Miltarised police force & mercenaries Luba province in north of Katanga seceded from Katanga itself 1963 1964 1965 1966
September – December 1960: Chaos in Congolese Government September 1960: Lumumba dismissed as P. M. 1959 1960 1961 1962 December 1960: Lumumba arrested 1963 1964 1965 1966
• February: Lumumba killed • August: UN forces begin disarming the Katangese military 1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966
1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966
Katanga ends Secession 1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966
Kasavubu & Tshombe • In a bid to unite the country, President Kasavubu appointed Tshombe (former President of secessionist Katanga) as Prime Minister of the Congo 1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966
The Mobutu Coup • Kasavubu & Tshombe ousted in military coup d’etát by General Désiré Mobutu • Mobutu renames the country ‘Zaire’ (1971) • Mobutu declares himself ‘Mobutu Sese Seko’ • Katanga Province re-named ‘Shaba’ • Ruled the Democratic Republic of Congo for three decades 1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966
• http: //quizlet. com/19804381/the-secession -of-katanga-flash-cards/
- Contextualisation guidelines
- Syndrome des globalen wandels
- Katanga-syndrom lösung
- Katanga syndrom
- Coat of arms animal
- Integrated cost leadership/differentiation strategy
- Differentiation business level strategy
- Actor focus vs object focus
- Prolepsis
- Vus 7a what event sparked secession of the southern states?
- Chapter 10 section 4 slavery and secession
- Why were threats of secession feared
- Chapter 16 lesson 2 challenges to slavery
- Debate over secession in georgia
- Whats the current generation
- Translation shift catford
- Ktn 1965
- Ccs cca rules 1965
- Kwan sun ming v chak chee hing
- Timeline european literature
- Badass patriotic quotes
- Retail trade liberalization act
- Kathryn timmerman
- Nutella geschiedenis
- Geração 1955